geographic-foundations
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ChineseGeographic Foundations
地理基础
Auto-activated layer that detects geographic context and routes architectural queries to the correct country-specific regulatory dossier. Loads before any code, life-safety, structural, or planning analysis.
自动激活层,用于检测地理上下文,并将建筑查询路由至正确的国家专属监管档案。在任何规范、生命安全、结构或规划分析之前加载。
1. Geographic Context Detection
1. 地理上下文检测
When a user query includes any of the following signals, route to the named country skill before applying generic content from , , or .
building-codesfire-life-safetyaccessibility-design当用户查询包含以下任意信号时,在应用、或的通用内容之前,先路由至指定的国家技能。
building-codesfire-life-safetyaccessibility-design1.1 Direct Detection Triggers
1.1 直接检测触发项
| Signal Class | Examples | Route To |
|---|---|---|
| Country name | "India", "Bharat", "Republic of India" | |
| Country name | "UAE", "Emirates", "Dubai", "Abu Dhabi" | |
| Country name | "Saudi", "KSA", "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "Riyadh" | |
| Country name | "USA", "United States", "America" | |
| Country name | "UK", "Britain", "England", "Scotland", "Wales", "Northern Ireland" | |
| Country name | "Germany", "Deutschland", "DE" | |
| Country name | "Singapore", "SG" | |
| Country name | "Japan", "Nippon", "JP" | |
| Country name | "China", "PRC", "Zhongguo" | |
| Country name | "Australia", "AU", "Oz" | |
| Code reference | "IBC", "IRC", "IECC", "ASCE 7" | |
| Code reference | "NBC India", "ECBC", "IS 1893", "IS 875" | |
| Code reference | "NBC 2016" | |
| Code reference | "Approved Document", "AD-B", "Part L", "Part M" | |
| Code reference | "GEG", "DIN 18040", "LBO", "MBO" | |
| Code reference | "SBC 201", "SBC 301", "SBC 601", "SBC 801" | |
| Code reference | "Dubai Building Code", "DBC", "ADIBC", "Estidama" | |
| Code reference | "NCC", "BCA Vol 1", "AS 1428", "AS/NZS 1170" | |
| Code reference | "Building Standards Act", "Kenchiku Kijun Hou" | |
| Code reference | "GB 50016", "GB 50352", "GB 50011", "JGJ" | |
| Code reference | "BCA Singapore", "URA", "SCDF Fire Code" | |
| City name | "Mumbai", "Delhi", "Bangalore", "Chennai", "Hyderabad", "Kolkata", "Pune", "Ahmedabad" | |
| City name | "Dubai", "Abu Dhabi", "Sharjah", "Ajman" | |
| City name | "Riyadh", "Jeddah", "Mecca", "Medina", "Dammam", "NEOM" | |
| City name | "New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "San Francisco", "Boston", "Seattle", "Miami", "Houston" | |
| City name | "London", "Manchester", "Birmingham", "Edinburgh", "Glasgow", "Cardiff", "Belfast" | |
| City name | "Berlin", "Munich", "Hamburg", "Frankfurt", "Cologne", "Stuttgart" | |
| City name | "Tokyo", "Osaka", "Yokohama", "Kyoto", "Sapporo", "Fukuoka" | |
| City name | "Beijing", "Shanghai", "Guangzhou", "Shenzhen", "Chengdu", "Chongqing", "Hong Kong" | |
| City name | "Sydney", "Melbourne", "Brisbane", "Perth", "Adelaide", "Canberra", "Hobart" | |
| Currency cue | "USD" (with site/cost) | |
| Currency cue | "INR", "Lakh", "Crore" | |
| Currency cue | "AED", "Dirham" | |
| Currency cue | "SAR", "Riyal" | |
| Currency cue | "GBP", "Pound" | |
| Currency cue | "EUR" (with EU country context) | route to relevant country ( |
| Currency cue | "SGD" | |
| Currency cue | "JPY", "Yen" | |
| Currency cue | "CNY", "RMB", "Yuan" | |
| Currency cue | "AUD" | |
| 信号类别 | 示例 | 路由至 |
|---|---|---|
| 国家名称 | "India", "Bharat", "Republic of India" | |
| 国家名称 | "UAE", "Emirates", "Dubai", "Abu Dhabi" | |
| 国家名称 | "Saudi", "KSA", "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "Riyadh" | |
| 国家名称 | "USA", "United States", "America" | |
| 国家名称 | "UK", "Britain", "England", "Scotland", "Wales", "Northern Ireland" | |
| 国家名称 | "Germany", "Deutschland", "DE" | |
| 国家名称 | "Singapore", "SG" | |
| 国家名称 | "Japan", "Nippon", "JP" | |
| 国家名称 | "China", "PRC", "Zhongguo" | |
| 国家名称 | "Australia", "AU", "Oz" | |
| 规范引用 | "IBC", "IRC", "IECC", "ASCE 7" | |
| 规范引用 | "NBC India", "ECBC", "IS 1893", "IS 875" | |
| 规范引用 | "NBC 2016" | |
| 规范引用 | "Approved Document", "AD-B", "Part L", "Part M" | |
| 规范引用 | "GEG", "DIN 18040", "LBO", "MBO" | |
| 规范引用 | "SBC 201", "SBC 301", "SBC 601", "SBC 801" | |
| 规范引用 | "Dubai Building Code", "DBC", "ADIBC", "Estidama" | |
| 规范引用 | "NCC", "BCA Vol 1", "AS 1428", "AS/NZS 1170" | |
| 规范引用 | "Building Standards Act", "Kenchiku Kijun Hou" | |
| 规范引用 | "GB 50016", "GB 50352", "GB 50011", "JGJ" | |
| 规范引用 | "BCA Singapore", "URA", "SCDF Fire Code" | |
| 城市名称 | "Mumbai", "Delhi", "Bangalore", "Chennai", "Hyderabad", "Kolkata", "Pune", "Ahmedabad" | |
| 城市名称 | "Dubai", "Abu Dhabi", "Sharjah", "Ajman" | |
| 城市名称 | "Riyadh", "Jeddah", "Mecca", "Medina", "Dammam", "NEOM" | |
| 城市名称 | "New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "San Francisco", "Boston", "Seattle", "Miami", "Houston" | |
| 城市名称 | "London", "Manchester", "Birmingham", "Edinburgh", "Glasgow", "Cardiff", "Belfast" | |
| 城市名称 | "Berlin", "Munich", "Hamburg", "Frankfurt", "Cologne", "Stuttgart" | |
| 城市名称 | "Tokyo", "Osaka", "Yokohama", "Kyoto", "Sapporo", "Fukuoka" | |
| 城市名称 | "Beijing", "Shanghai", "Guangzhou", "Shenzhen", "Chengdu", "Chongqing", "Hong Kong" | |
| 城市名称 | "Sydney", "Melbourne", "Brisbane", "Perth", "Adelaide", "Canberra", "Hobart" | |
| 货币线索 | "USD"(伴随场地/成本相关内容) | |
| 货币线索 | "INR", "Lakh", "Crore" | |
| 货币线索 | "AED", "Dirham" | |
| 货币线索 | "SAR", "Riyal" | |
| 货币线索 | "GBP", "Pound" | |
| 货币线索 | "EUR"(伴随欧盟国家上下文) | 路由至相关国家(无其他线索时为 |
| 货币线索 | "SGD" | |
| 货币线索 | "JPY", "Yen" | |
| 货币线索 | "CNY", "RMB", "Yuan" | |
| 货币线索 | "AUD" | |
1.2 Indirect/Inferential Triggers
1.2 间接/推断触发项
- Site climate description ("hot-arid", "tropical monsoon", "Mediterranean", "temperate maritime", "subarctic", "humid subtropical") combined with a city name -> resolve city -> country.
- Cultural cue ("vastu compliance", "qibla orientation", "feng shui", "minka", "haveli", "courtyard house with majlis") -> infer country/region (India, MENA, China/HK, Japan, India respectively).
- Standard organisation reference ("BIS spec", "DIN-tested", "JIS-marked", "GB-stamped", "BSI-certified") -> country.
- Regulatory authority name ("Civil Defence approval", "Trakhees", "Tatweer", "MoHUA", "MLIT", "Bauamt") -> country.
- Language cue in proper noun ("brise-soleil"+"ECBC" Indian usage; "rohbau" German; "shikkui" Japanese; "majlis" Arab; "joglo" Indonesian; "shophouse" Singaporean).
- 场地气候描述("hot-arid"、"tropical monsoon"、"Mediterranean"、"temperate maritime"、"subarctic"、"humid subtropical")结合城市名称 -> 解析城市 -> 国家。
- 文化线索("vastu compliance"、"qibla orientation"、"feng shui"、"minka"、"haveli"、"courtyard house with majlis")-> 推断国家/地区(分别对应印度、中东和北非、中国/香港、日本、印度)。
- 标准机构引用("BIS spec"、"DIN-tested"、"JIS-marked"、"GB-stamped"、"BSI-certified")-> 国家。
- 监管机构名称("Civil Defence approval"、"Trakhees"、"Tatweer"、"MoHUA"、"MLIT"、"Bauamt")-> 国家。
- 专有名词中的语言线索("brise-soleil"+"ECBC" 印度用法;"rohbau" 德语;"shikkui" 日语;"majlis" 阿拉伯语;"joglo" 印尼语;"shophouse" 新加坡用法)。
1.3 Default Behaviour
1.3 默认行为
If no geographic context is established after the first user message, ask one clarifying question: "Which jurisdiction does this project sit under? It affects code compliance, structural design loads, energy targets, and accessibility standards."
If the user is ambiguous or operating cross-border (international firm, design competition, master-plan study), apply the international reference cluster (IBC + Eurocodes + ASCE 7 + ASHRAE + ISO 21542 accessibility + ISO 23932 fire) and explicitly state the assumption.
如果在用户第一条消息后仍未确定地理上下文,提出一个澄清问题:"该项目属于哪个司法管辖区?这会影响规范合规性、结构设计荷载、能源目标和无障碍标准。"
如果用户表述模糊或项目跨境运作(国际公司、设计竞赛、总体规划研究),则应用国际参考集群(IBC + Eurocodes + ASCE 7 + ASHRAE + ISO 21542 无障碍 + ISO 23932 消防),并明确说明该假设。
2. Global Regulatory Hierarchy
2. 全球监管层级
Each country sits in one of five regulatory archetypes. The archetype determines how clause-level questions are answered.
每个国家都属于五种监管原型之一,原型决定了条款级问题的解答方式。
2.1 Archetype A -- Unitary National Code
2.1 原型A —— 单一国家规范
A single nationally adopted code applies uniformly with no state/municipal variation. Cities adopt by reference.
- Singapore (Building Control Act + Building Control Regulations, administered by BCA centrally)
- Saudi Arabia (Saudi Building Code series SBC 201-1001 issued by SBCNC, mandatory in all regions since 2018)
- France (Code de la construction et de l'habitation; departments adopt by reference -- not in our Tier-1 but for context)
采用单一的全国性规范,统一适用,无州/市级差异,城市通过引用方式采纳该规范。
- 新加坡(《建筑控制法》(Building Control Act)+《建筑控制条例》(Building Control Regulations),由BCA集中管理)
- 沙特阿拉伯(沙特建筑规范系列SBC 201-1001,由SBCNC发布,2018年起在所有地区强制实施)
- 法国(《建筑与居住法典》(Code de la construction et de l'habitation);各省通过引用采纳——不属于第一梯队,仅作背景参考)
2.2 Archetype B -- National Model + State/Provincial Adoption
2.2 原型B —— 国家范本 + 州/省采纳
A national model code is issued but each state/province adopts a version (or modifies). Practitioner must check the state edition.
- USA (ICC publishes IBC/IRC/IECC/IFC; each state/county adopts a specific year. California adds Title 24; NYC, Chicago, Florida publish significant amendments.)
- Australia (NCC 2022 published by ABCB; each state administers via Building Act, with state-specific variations published as appendices.)
- India (NBC 2016 issued by BIS; states/UTs notify their own Building Bye-Laws and Development Control Regulations -- DCR/DCPR. Code is not legally binding by itself.)
- Canada (NBC of Canada 2020; provinces adopt -- Ontario OBC, BC BCBC, Quebec separate regime. Out of Tier-1.)
发布国家范本规范,但各州/省采纳特定版本(或进行修改),从业者必须核查所在州的版本。
- 美国(ICC发布IBC/IRC/IECC/IFC;每个州/县采纳特定年份版本。加州新增Title 24;纽约市、芝加哥、佛罗里达州发布了重大修订。)
- 澳大利亚(ABCB发布NCC 2022;各州通过《建筑法》(Building Act)实施,各州的特定差异以附录形式发布。)
- 印度(BIS发布NBC 2016;各邦/中央直辖区公布各自的《建筑细则》(Building Bye-Laws)和《开发控制条例》(Development Control Regulations)——即DCR/DCPR。规范本身不具有法律约束力。)
- 加拿大(加拿大NBC 2020;各省采纳——安大略省OBC、不列颠哥伦比亚省BCBC、魁北克省实行独立制度。不属于第一梯队。)
2.3 Archetype C -- Federal Framework + State/Land Sovereignty
2.3 原型C —— 联邦框架 + 州/邦主权
The country has a federal framework but actual building law is state-sovereign. Each state has its own primary statute.
- Germany (Musterbauordnung MBO is a model only. Each of 16 Lander has its own Landesbauordnung -- e.g., BayBO Bavaria, BauO NRW, BauO Bln Berlin -- which is legally binding. Energy is federal: GEG.)
- UAE (Federal Civil Defence Code applies to fire; each emirate has its own building code: Dubai Building Code 2021, ADIBC Abu Dhabi, etc.)
- UK (Building Regulations 2010 apply to England; Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland have separate regimes -- Welsh AD, Scottish Technical Handbooks, NI Technical Booklets.)
该国设有联邦框架,但实际建筑法由各州/邦自主制定,每个州/邦都有自己的主要法规。
- 德国(Musterbauordnung(MBO)仅为范本。16个Lander各有自己的《州建筑条例》(Landesbauordnung)——例如巴伐利亚州BayBO、北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚州BauO NRW、柏林州BauO Bln——具有法律约束力。能源规范为联邦层面:GEG。)
- 阿联酋(《联邦民防法典》(Federal Civil Defence Code)适用于消防领域;每个酋长国都有自己的建筑规范:迪拜建筑规范2021(Dubai Building Code 2021)、阿布扎比ADIBC等。)
- 英国(《建筑法规2010》(Building Regulations 2010)适用于英格兰;威尔士、苏格兰、北爱尔兰实行独立制度——威尔士AD、苏格兰技术手册、北爱尔兰技术小册子。)
2.4 Archetype D -- Centralised National + Mandatory Strong-Form Clauses
2.4 原型D —— 中央集权国家规范 + 强制性刚性条款
A single national code with "mandatory provisions" that override anything else, plus permissible local supplements.
- China (GB series codes issued by MOHURD; "Mandatory Provisions" (qiangzhixing tiaowen) in red text are legally binding nationally. Cities publish DB local supplements -- DB11 Beijing, DGJ08 Shanghai, DBJ45 Guangxi -- which may only be more stringent.)
- Japan (Building Standards Act + Cabinet Order + MLIT Notifications; designated cities have planning autonomy under City Planning Act but structural and safety provisions are national.)
实行单一国家规范,其中的“强制性条文”(qiangzhixing tiaowen)优先级高于一切,同时允许地方制定补充规定。
- 中国(MOHURD发布GB系列规范;以红色文本标注的“强制性条文”在全国范围内具有法律约束力。各城市发布DB地方补充标准——北京DB11、上海DGJ08、广西DBJ45——且地方标准只能更严格。)
- 日本(《建筑基准法》(Building Standards Act)+ 内阁令 + MLIT通知;指定城市在《城市规划法》(City Planning Act)框架下享有规划自主权,但结构和安全条款为全国统一。)
2.5 Archetype E -- Performance-Based Outcome Regulation
2.5 原型E —— 基于性能的结果导向监管
Code prescribes outcomes; deemed-to-satisfy paths are advisory. Engineered solutions admitted via approved verification methods.
- Australia (NCC 2022 fully performance-based; DTS and Performance Solution both legal.)
- UK (Approved Documents 2010+ are guidance; performance route via fire engineering reports under BS 7974, structural performance under EN 1990, etc.)
- New Zealand (NZBC, out of Tier-1.)
Many Tier-1 countries are hybrid: e.g., Japan permits performance verification (Article 38 prior to 1998; replaced by Article 37 type approval and BCJ structural performance evaluation post-1998).
规范仅规定结果要求,“视为满足”的路径仅作参考,工程解决方案可通过经批准的验证方法获得认可。
- 澳大利亚(NCC 2022完全基于性能;DTS和性能解决方案(Performance Solution)均合法。)
- 英国(2010年及以后的《批准文件》(Approved Documents)为指导文件;性能路径可通过基于BS 7974的消防工程报告、基于EN 1990的结构性能报告等实现。)
- 新西兰(NZBC,不属于第一梯队。)
许多第一梯队国家属于混合模式:例如日本允许性能验证(1998年前为第38条;1998年后被第37条型式认证和BCJ结构性能评估取代)。
3. Comparison Matrix -- Tier-1 Countries
3. 对比矩阵——第一梯队国家
3.1 Primary Code, Energy Code, Fire Code, Accessibility Code
3.1 主要建筑规范、能源规范、消防规范、无障碍规范
| Country | Primary Building Code | Energy Code | Fire Safety | Accessibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | NBC 2016 (BIS, advisory) + state DCR/DCPR (binding) | ECBC 2017 / ECBC-R 2018 (BEE) | NBC 2016 Part 4 + IS 15683 | Harmonised Guidelines & Space Standards 2021 (MoHUA) |
| UAE (Dubai) | Dubai Building Code 2021 (DBC) | Al Sa'fat Dubai Green Building Regs 2011 + 2016 update | UAE Fire and Life Safety Code of Practice 2018 | Dubai Universal Design Code 2017 + Federal Law 29/2006 |
| UAE (Abu Dhabi) | Abu Dhabi International Building Code 2013 (ADIBC, IBC-derived) | Estidama Pearl Building Rating System 2010 | UAE FLS Code 2018 | DMA Accessibility Code 2014 |
| Saudi Arabia | SBC 201-CR 2018 (general) -- 9 part code system | SBC 601-CR 2018 (energy) | SBC 801-CR 2018 (fire) + Saudi Fire Code 2007 | SBC 801 Part 11 + Universal Accessibility Code (KKIA) |
| USA | IBC 2024 (model) + state adoption (varies 2015-2024) | IECC 2024 / ASHRAE 90.1-2022 (Energy Standard for Buildings) | NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 2024 + IBC Ch. 7-10 | ADA 2010 Standards + ANSI A117.1-2017 + Fair Housing Act |
| UK (England) | Building Regulations 2010 + Approved Documents A-S (2010-2025) | AD-L Vol 1 (dwellings) + Vol 2 (other), 2021 + 2025 future homes/buildings standards | AD-B Vol 1 + Vol 2 (2022 amendments post-Grenfell) | AD-M Vol 1 (dwellings) + Vol 2 (other), 2015/2020 + BS 8300-1/2:2018 |
| Germany | 16 Landesbauordnungen (LBO) + Musterbauordnung 2002/2019 (MBO) model | GEG 2023 (Gebaudeenergiegesetz) | LBO + Muster-Industriebaurichtlinie + DIN 4102 / EN 13501 | DIN 18040-1 (public), -2 (housing), -3 (public space) |
| Singapore | Building Control Act 1989 + Building Control Regulations 2003 | BCA Code on Environmental Sustainability 2018 + SS 530 | SCDF Fire Code 2018 | BCA Code on Accessibility 2019 + Universal Design Index |
| Japan | Building Standards Act 1950 (Kenchiku Kijun Ho) + Cabinet Order + MLIT Notifications | Act on Improvement of Energy Consumption Performance of Buildings 2015 (Kenchikubutsu Sho-Energy Ho) | Fire Service Act + Fire Service Law Enforcement Order | Heart Building Law 2006 (Barrier-Free Law) |
| China | GB 50352-2019 (Civil Buildings Unified Design Standard) + GB 50016-2014 (fire) + 50 other GB codes | GB 55015-2021 (General code building energy) + GB 50189-2015 (public buildings) | GB 50016-2014/2018 (fire), GB 50045-95/2005 (high-rise) | GB 50763-2012 (Accessibility) |
| Australia | NCC 2022 Vol 1 (Class 2-9), Vol 2 (Class 1, 10), Vol 3 (plumbing) | NCC Section J (Vol 1) + NatHERS 7-star (Vol 2 housing) | NCC Section C, D, E + AS 1530, AS 4072 series | NCC Vol 1 Part D3 + AS 1428.1-2021 + Disability (Access to Premises) Standards 2010 |
| 国家 | 主要建筑规范 | 能源规范 | 消防安全 | 无障碍 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 印度 | NBC 2016(BIS,指导性)+ 邦级DCR/DCPR(强制性) | ECBC 2017 / ECBC-R 2018(BEE) | NBC 2016 Part 4 + IS 15683 | 《统一指南与空间标准2021》(MoHUA) |
| 阿联酋(迪拜) | 迪拜建筑规范2021(DBC) | Al Sa'fat迪拜绿色建筑法规2011 + 2016年更新 | 阿联酋消防与生命安全实务规范2018 | 迪拜通用设计规范2017 + 联邦第29/2006号法律 |
| 阿联酋(阿布扎比) | 阿布扎比国际建筑规范2013(ADIBC,源自IBC) | Estidama珍珠建筑评级体系2010 | 阿联酋消防与生命安全实务规范2018 | DMA无障碍规范2014 |
| 沙特阿拉伯 | SBC 201-CR 2018(通用)——9部分规范体系 | SBC 601-CR 2018(能源) | SBC 801-CR 2018(消防)+ 沙特消防规范2007 | SBC 801 Part 11 + 通用无障碍规范(KKIA) |
| 美国 | IBC 2024(范本)+ 各州采纳版本(2015-2024不等) | IECC 2024 / ASHRAE 90.1-2022(建筑能源标准) | NFPA 101生命安全规范2024 + IBC第7-10章 | ADA 2010标准 + ANSI A117.1-2017 + 《公平住房法》 |
| 英国(英格兰) | 《建筑法规2010》+《批准文件A-S》(2010-2025) | AD-L第1卷(住宅)+ 第2卷(其他建筑),2021版 + 2025年未来住宅/建筑标准 | AD-B第1卷 + 第2卷(2022年格伦费尔事件后修订) | AD-M第1卷(住宅)+ 第2卷(其他建筑),2015/2020版 + BS 8300-1/2:2018 |
| 德国 | 16部州建筑条例(LBO)+ Musterbauordnung 2002/2019(MBO)范本 | GEG 2023(《建筑能源法》) | LBO + 《工业建筑范本导则》(Muster-Industriebaurichtlinie) + DIN 4102 / EN 13501 | DIN 18040-1(公共建筑)、-2(住宅)、-3(公共空间) |
| 新加坡 | 《建筑控制法1989》+《建筑控制条例2003》 | BCA环境可持续性规范2018 + SS 530 | SCDF消防规范2018 | BCA无障碍规范2019 + 通用设计指数 |
| 日本 | 《建筑基准法1950》(Kenchiku Kijun Ho)+ 内阁令 + MLIT通知 | 《建筑能源消耗性能改善法2015》(Kenchikubutsu Sho-Energy Ho) | 《消防法》+《消防法施行令》 | 《爱心建筑法2006》(无障碍法) |
| 中国 | GB 50352-2019(《民用建筑设计统一标准》)+ GB 50016-2014(消防)+ 其他50余部GB规范 | GB 55015-2021(《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》)+ GB 50189-2015(公共建筑) | GB 50016-2014/2018(消防)、GB 50045-95/2005(高层) | GB 50763-2012(《无障碍设计规范》) |
| 澳大利亚 | NCC 2022第1卷(2-9类建筑)、第2卷(1、10类建筑)、第3卷(给排水) | NCC J节(第1卷)+ NatHERS 7星级(第2卷住宅) | NCC C、D、E节 + AS 1530、AS 4072系列 | NCC第1卷D3部分 + AS 1428.1-2021 + 《残疾(场所准入)标准2010》 |
3.2 Seismic, Wind, Snow Loading Codes
3.2 抗震、抗风、雪荷载规范
| Country | Seismic | Wind | Snow / Climate Loads |
|---|---|---|---|
| India | IS 1893:2016 (Pt 1 general; Pt 2 liquid retaining; Pt 3 bridges; Pt 4 industrial) + IS 13920:2016 ductile detailing | IS 875 Pt 3:2015 | IS 875 Pt 4 (snow, limited) |
| UAE | ASCE 7-16 referenced; low seismicity (Zone 1-2 ASCE), but Dubai Code mandates Zone 2A | ASCE 7-16, sandstorm + thermal additional | N/A (heat instead -- ASHRAE 169 zone B1 hot-dry) |
| Saudi Arabia | SBC 301-CR 2018 (loads) -- ASCE 7-derived, Zone 1 (Riyadh) to 2B (Tabuk/NEOM) | SBC 301 -- ASCE 7-derived, 3-second gust map | N/A (heat); SBC 301 thermal |
| USA | ASCE 7-22 + ASCE 41-23 (existing) + ACI 318-19, AISC 360-22 | ASCE 7-22 (Risk Cat I-IV; 3-second gust) | ASCE 7-22 Ch. 7 (ground snow load maps) |
| UK | BS EN 1998-1:2004 (Eurocode 8) -- low seismicity, often waived | BS EN 1991-1-4 + UK National Annex (BS EN 1991-1-4 NA) | BS EN 1991-1-3 + UK NA (snow) |
| Germany | DIN EN 1998-1 + DIN EN 1998 NA (zones 0-3) | DIN EN 1991-1-4 + DIN NA (zones WZ 1-4) | DIN EN 1991-1-3 + DIN NA (zones SLZ 1-3 + elevation table) |
| Singapore | SS EN 1998-1 + SS NA (intra-plate; small loads) | SS EN 1991-1-4 + SS NA (tropical; 1-in-50yr 3s gust 33-35 m/s) | N/A |
| Japan | Building Standards Act Art. 20 + MLIT 2009 Notification + AIJ standards; Level 1 (475-yr) + Level 2 (2475-yr) design | Building Standards Act + AIJ Recommendations for Loads on Buildings 2015 | AIJ Recommendations -- regional snow load maps by city |
| China | GB 50011-2010 (seismic design of buildings) -- 6 zones (degree 6 to 9) | GB 50009-2012 (load code) -- 4 wind zones | GB 50009-2012 -- snow load maps |
| Australia | AS 1170.4-2007 (low to moderate) | AS/NZS 1170.2:2021 -- regions A, B, C (cyclonic), D (severe cyclonic) | AS/NZS 1170.3:2003 -- snow for alpine regions |
| 国家 | 抗震 | 抗风 | 雪/气候荷载 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 印度 | IS 1893:2016(第1部分通用;第2部分储液结构;第3部分桥梁;第4部分工业建筑)+ IS 13920:2016延性构造 | IS 875第3部分:2015 | IS 875第4部分(雪荷载,适用范围有限) |
| 阿联酋 | 引用ASCE 7-16;低地震烈度(ASCE 1-2区),但迪拜规范强制要求按2A区设计 | ASCE 7-16,附加沙尘暴和热荷载 | 无(以热荷载为主——ASHRAE 169 B1区炎热干燥) |
| 沙特阿拉伯 | SBC 301-CR 2018(荷载)——源自ASCE 7,地震区从1区(利雅得)到2B区(塔布克/ NEOM) | SBC 301——源自ASCE 7,3秒阵风风速图 | 无(以热荷载为主;SBC 301热荷载) |
| 美国 | ASCE 7-22 + ASCE 41-23(既有建筑)+ ACI 318-19、AISC 360-22 | ASCE 7-22(风险类别I-IV;3秒阵风) | ASCE 7-22第7章(地面积雪荷载图) |
| 英国 | BS EN 1998-1:2004(Eurocode 8)——低地震烈度,通常可豁免 | BS EN 1991-1-4 + 英国国家附录(BS EN 1991-1-4 NA) | BS EN 1991-1-3 + 英国国家附录(雪荷载) |
| 德国 | DIN EN 1998-1 + DIN EN 1998国家附录(0-3区) | DIN EN 1991-1-4 + DIN国家附录(风区WZ 1-4) | DIN EN 1991-1-3 + DIN国家附录(雪区SLZ 1-3 + 高程表) |
| 新加坡 | SS EN 1998-1 + SS国家附录(板块内部;荷载较小) | SS EN 1991-1-4 + SS国家附录(热带气候;50年一遇3秒阵风33-35 m/s) | 无 |
| 日本 | 《建筑基准法》第20条 + MLIT 2009年通知 + AIJ标准;1级(475年一遇)+ 2级(2475年一遇)设计 | 《建筑基准法》+ AIJ《建筑荷载建议2015》 | AIJ建议——按城市划分的区域雪荷载图 |
| 中国 | GB 50011-2010(《建筑抗震设计规范》)——6个烈度区(6度到9度) | GB 50009-2012(《建筑结构荷载规范》)——4个风区 | GB 50009-2012——雪荷载图 |
| 澳大利亚 | AS 1170.4-2007(低到中等烈度) | AS/NZS 1170.2:2021——A、B、C(气旋)、D(强气旋)区 | AS/NZS 1170.3:2003——高山地区雪荷载 |
3.3 Code Reference Hierarchy When Designing Cross-Border
3.3 跨境设计时的规范参考层级
When designing for a country not in Tier-1, use this fallback chain:
- Local code (if exists and translated/available)
- Regional code adopted by reference (e.g., Gulf states often defer to IBC or SBC)
- International Building Code (IBC 2024) -- North American default
- Eurocodes (EN 1990-1999) -- European default, used in 30+ countries by adoption
- ISO standards (ISO 21542 accessibility, ISO 23932 fire engineering, ISO 22156 bamboo, ISO 5807 plumbing) -- universal fallback
- ASHRAE 90.1 + ASHRAE 62.1 + ASHRAE 55 -- universal thermal/IAQ/comfort fallback
当为非第一梯队国家设计时,使用以下备用层级链:
- 本地规范(如存在且有翻译/可获取)
- 通过引用采纳的区域规范(例如海湾国家通常遵循IBC或SBC)
- 《国际建筑规范》(IBC 2024)——北美默认选项
- Eurocodes(EN 1990-1999)——欧洲默认选项,被30多个国家采纳使用
- ISO标准(ISO 21542 无障碍、ISO 23932 消防工程、ISO 22156 竹结构、ISO 5807 给排水)——通用备用选项
- ASHRAE 90.1 + ASHRAE 62.1 + ASHRAE 55——通用热工/室内空气质量/舒适度备用选项
4. Climate Zone Cross-Walk
4. 气候区对照
Every country uses a slightly different climate zone classification. The architect must translate.
每个国家的气候区分类略有不同,建筑师需要进行转换。
4.1 ASHRAE 169 / IECC Climate Zones (1-8)
4.1 ASHRAE 169 / IECC 气候区(1-8)
| Zone | Definition | Typical Tier-1 Cities |
|---|---|---|
| 1A Very Hot Humid | CDD10C > 5000 | Singapore, Mumbai (coastal), Chennai |
| 1B Very Hot Dry | CDD10C > 5000, HDD18C < 4500 | Doha, Dubai, Riyadh (south), Jeddah |
| 2A Hot Humid | 3500 < CDD10C <= 5000 | Houston, Miami, Bangalore, Manila |
| 2B Hot Dry | 3500 < CDD10C <= 5000, dry | Phoenix, Dubai (inland), Riyadh (most), Cairo |
| 3A Warm Humid | 2500 < CDD10C <= 3500 | Atlanta, Tokyo, Shanghai, Sydney |
| 3B Warm Dry | 2500 < CDD10C <= 3500, dry | Los Angeles, Madrid, Tabuk |
| 3C Warm Marine | Coastal mild | San Francisco, Lisbon, Melbourne |
| 4A Mixed Humid | 2000 < CDD10C, 3000 < HDD18C <= 4000 | Washington DC, New York, Seoul |
| 4B Mixed Dry | Mixed climate, dry | Albuquerque |
| 4C Mixed Marine | Mixed maritime | Seattle, London (margin to 5A), Vancouver |
| 5A Cool Humid | 4000 < HDD18C <= 5000 | Chicago, Boston, Beijing, Toronto |
| 5B Cool Dry | 4000 < HDD18C <= 5000, dry | Denver |
| 5C Cool Marine | Cool maritime | Edinburgh, Hobart |
| 6A Cold Humid | 5000 < HDD18C <= 7000 | Minneapolis, Stockholm, Helsinki, Munich, Berlin |
| 6B Cold Dry | Cold dry | Calgary, Salt Lake City |
| 7 Very Cold | 7000 < HDD18C <= 9000 | Anchorage, Yakutsk, Inari |
| 8 Subarctic | HDD18C > 9000 | Fairbanks, Resolute, Norilsk |
| 气候区 | 定义 | 典型第一梯队城市 |
|---|---|---|
| 1A 极热湿润 | CDD10C > 5000 | 新加坡、孟买(沿海)、金奈 |
| 1B 极热干燥 | CDD10C > 5000,HDD18C < 4500 | 多哈、迪拜、利雅得(南部)、吉达 |
| 2A 炎热湿润 | 3500 < CDD10C <= 5000 | 休斯顿、迈阿密、班加罗尔、马尼拉 |
| 2B 炎热干燥 | 3500 < CDD10C <= 5000,干燥 | 菲尼克斯、迪拜(内陆)、利雅得(大部分地区)、开罗 |
| 3A 温暖湿润 | 2500 < CDD10C <= 3500 | 亚特兰大、东京、上海、悉尼 |
| 3B 温暖干燥 | 2500 < CDD10C <= 3500,干燥 | 洛杉矶、马德里、塔布克 |
| 3C 温暖海洋性 | 沿海温和气候 | 旧金山、里斯本、墨尔本 |
| 4A 湿润混合 | CDD10C > 2000,3000 < HDD18C <= 4000 | 华盛顿特区、纽约、首尔 |
| 4B 干燥混合 | 混合气候,干燥 | 阿尔伯克基 |
| 4C 海洋性混合 | 混合海洋性气候 | 西雅图、伦敦(接近5A)、温哥华 |
| 5A 凉爽湿润 | 4000 < HDD18C <= 5000 | 芝加哥、波士顿、北京、多伦多 |
| 5B 凉爽干燥 | 4000 < HDD18C <= 5000,干燥 | 丹佛 |
| 5C 凉爽海洋性 | 凉爽海洋性气候 | 爱丁堡、霍巴特 |
| 6A 寒冷湿润 | 5000 < HDD18C <= 7000 | 明尼阿波利斯、斯德哥尔摩、赫尔辛基、慕尼黑、柏林 |
| 6B 寒冷干燥 | 寒冷干燥 | 卡尔加里、盐湖城 |
| 7 极寒 | 7000 < HDD18C <= 9000 | 安克雷奇、雅库茨克、伊纳里 |
| 8 副极地 | HDD18C > 9000 | 费尔班克斯、雷索卢特、诺里尔斯克 |
4.2 Country-Specific Equivalent Zones
4.2 各国等效气候区
| Country | Native System | Bands |
|---|---|---|
| India | NBC 2016 + ECBC 2017 | 5 zones: Hot-Dry, Warm-Humid, Composite, Temperate, Cold |
| UAE | Estidama / Dubai Code | Single: hot-arid (CDH > 3000 K-h) |
| Saudi Arabia | SBC 601-CR | 3 zones: Z1 hot-humid coast (Jeddah/Jubail), Z2 hot-dry interior (Riyadh), Z3 cooler highlands (Abha, Taif, Tabuk) |
| USA | IECC / ASHRAE 169 | 8 numeric zones + A/B/C moisture sub-zones |
| UK | AD-L + SAP 10 | Single national methodology; regional weather files for SAP/SBEM (Region 1 Thames -- Region 21 W. Scotland) |
| Germany | GEG / DIN V 18599 + DIN 4108-6 | National test reference year cities for each region (Bremerhaven cold, Mannheim warm); 4 climate regions for SAP-equivalent |
| Singapore | BCA Green Mark + SS 530 | Single: tropical (1A ASHRAE) |
| Japan | Sho-Energy Ho + Notification 265 | 8 climate zones (Region 1 Hokkaido -- Region 8 Okinawa) |
| China | GB 50176-2016 Thermal Design | 5 zones: Severe Cold, Cold, Hot Summer Cold Winter (HSCW), Hot Summer Warm Winter (HSWW), Temperate |
| Australia | NCC + NatHERS | 8 climate zones (Zone 1 tropical Darwin -- Zone 8 alpine Mt Buller) |
When a user gives a city, resolve to BOTH the local zone and the ASHRAE zone -- design references in this plugin use both.
| 国家 | 本土体系 | 分区 |
|---|---|---|
| 印度 | NBC 2016 + ECBC 2017 | 5个区:炎热干燥、温暖湿润、复合气候、温带、寒冷 |
| 阿联酋 | Estidama / 迪拜规范 | 单区:炎热干燥(CDH > 3000 K·h) |
| 沙特阿拉伯 | SBC 601-CR | 3个区:Z1炎热湿润海岸(吉达/朱拜勒)、Z2炎热干燥内陆(利雅得)、Z3凉爽高地(艾卜哈、塔伊夫、塔布克) |
| 美国 | IECC / ASHRAE 169 | 8个数字区 + A/B/C湿度子区 |
| 英国 | AD-L + SAP 10 | 单一国家方法学;SAP/SBEM使用区域气象文件(1区泰晤士河——21区苏格兰西部) |
| 德国 | GEG / DIN V 18599 + DIN 4108-6 | 各区域使用国家测试参考年城市(不来梅哈芬寒冷、曼海姆温暖);SAP等效体系分为4个气候区 |
| 新加坡 | BCA绿色标志 + SS 530 | 单区:热带气候(ASHRAE 1A) |
| 日本 | 建筑节能法 + 第265号通知 | 8个气候区(1区北海道——8区冲绳) |
| 中国 | GB 50176-2016《民用建筑热工设计规范》 | 5个区:严寒、寒冷、夏热冬冷、夏热冬暖、温和 |
| 澳大利亚 | NCC + NatHERS | 8个气候区(1区热带达尔文——8区高山布尔山) |
当用户提供城市名称时,需同时解析为当地区和ASHRAE气候区——本插件中的设计参考会同时使用两者。
5. Standards Cross-Reference Index
5. 标准对照索引
When a query references a standard, this table identifies the issuing country and equivalent in other regimes.
当查询引用某一标准时,可通过此表确定其发布国家及其他体系中的等效标准。
5.1 Structural & Concrete
5.1 结构与混凝土
| Standard | Country | Equivalent / Successor |
|---|---|---|
| ACI 318-19 (concrete) | USA | EN 1992 (Europe), GB 50010 (China), IS 456 (India), AS 3600 (Australia), JASS 5 / AIJ-RC (Japan) |
| AISC 360-22 (steel) | USA | EN 1993, GB 50017, IS 800, AS 4100, AIJ-LSD |
| EN 1992 Eurocode 2 (concrete) | Europe | + national annexes; UK NA, German NA, Dutch NA etc. |
| EN 1993 Eurocode 3 (steel) | Europe | + national annexes |
| EN 1995 Eurocode 5 (timber) | Europe | + national annexes |
| EN 1996 Eurocode 6 (masonry) | Europe | + national annexes |
| EN 1998 Eurocode 8 (seismic) | Europe | + national annexes (UK NA waives in low-seismic zones) |
| IS 456:2000 (concrete) | India | Predates EN; aligned to BS 8110 lineage |
| IS 800:2007 (steel) | India | Aligned to BS 5950 lineage; revised toward limit state |
| IS 1893 series (seismic) | India | Substantially different from EN 1998; reduction factors differ |
| GB 50010-2010 (concrete) | China | Distinct theoretical basis (allowable stress historical, now ultimate limit state) |
| GB 50017-2017 (steel) | China | Adopts ULS; partial safety factors differ from EN |
| GB 50011-2010 (seismic) | China | 8-degree intensity scale (degree 6-9), distinct from EC8 |
| AS 3600-2018 (concrete) | Australia | Adopts ULS; design model close to ACI 318 |
| AS 4100-2020 (steel) | Australia | Close to AISC; minor partial factor differences |
| AS 1170 / AS 1170.4 (loads / seismic) | Australia/NZ | AS/NZS standard; distinct from EN 1991 |
| JASS / AIJ-RC (concrete) | Japan | Two-level seismic design embedded |
| AIJ-S (steel) | Japan | Two-level seismic + capacity design |
| SBC 304 (concrete) | Saudi | IBC/ACI 318 derived |
| SBC 306 (steel) | Saudi | AISC derived |
| 标准 | 国家 | 等效/替代标准 |
|---|---|---|
| ACI 318-19(混凝土) | 美国 | EN 1992(欧洲)、GB 50010(中国)、IS 456(印度)、AS 3600(澳大利亚)、JASS 5 / AIJ-RC(日本) |
| AISC 360-22(钢结构) | 美国 | EN 1993、GB 50017、IS 800、AS 4100、AIJ-LSD |
| EN 1992 Eurocode 2(混凝土) | 欧洲 | + 国家附录;英国NA、德国NA、荷兰NA等 |
| EN 1993 Eurocode 3(钢结构) | 欧洲 | + 国家附录 |
| EN 1995 Eurocode 5(木结构) | 欧洲 | + 国家附录 |
| EN 1996 Eurocode 6(砌体结构) | 欧洲 | + 国家附录 |
| EN 1998 Eurocode 8(抗震) | 欧洲 | + 国家附录(英国NA在低地震区豁免) |
| IS 456:2000(混凝土) | 印度 | 早于EN;源自BS 8110体系 |
| IS 800:2007(钢结构) | 印度 | 源自BS 5950体系;已修订为极限状态设计 |
| IS 1893系列(抗震) | 印度 | 与EN 1998差异较大;折减系数不同 |
| GB 50010-2010(混凝土) | 中国 | 理论基础不同(历史上采用容许应力法,现为极限状态法) |
| GB 50017-2017(钢结构) | 中国 | 采用极限状态法;分项系数与EN不同 |
| GB 50011-2010(抗震) | 中国 | 8度烈度表(6-9度),与EC8不同 |
| AS 3600-2018(混凝土) | 澳大利亚 | 采用极限状态法;设计模型接近ACI 318 |
| AS 4100-2020(钢结构) | 澳大利亚 | 接近AISC;分项系数略有差异 |
| AS 1170 / AS 1170.4(荷载/抗震) | 澳大利亚/新西兰 | 澳新标准;与EN 1991不同 |
| JASS / AIJ-RC(混凝土) | 日本 | 内置两级抗震设计 |
| AIJ-S(钢结构) | 日本 | 两级抗震 + 能力设计 |
| SBC 304(混凝土) | 沙特 | 源自IBC/ACI 318 |
| SBC 306(钢结构) | 沙特 | 源自AISC |
5.2 Fire
5.2 消防
| Standard | Country | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| NFPA 101 Life Safety | USA | BS 9999 + BS 9991 (UK), DIN 4102 (DE), AS 1530/AS 4072 (AU) |
| IBC Ch. 7-10 (fire) | USA | NCC Section C/D/E (AU), AD-B (UK), GB 50016 (CN) |
| EN 13501-1 (reaction to fire) | EU | ASTM E84 (USA Class A/B/C), BS 476 (UK legacy) |
| EN 13501-2 (resistance to fire) | EU | UL 263 / ASTM E119 (USA), JIS A 1304 (JP) |
| AS 1530.1/.2/.3/.4/.8 | Australia | EN 13501 (full set) |
| BS 9999:2017 + BS 9991:2015 | UK | Performance-based fire engineering |
| BS 7974:2019 | UK | Application of fire engineering principles |
| ISO 23932 | Worldwide | Fire safety engineering -- general |
| GB 50016-2014 (2018 ed.) | China | Code for fire protection design of buildings |
| Japan Fire Service Act + FSL Enforcement Order | Japan | Distinct two-tier (preventive + structural) |
| 标准 | 国家 | 等效标准 |
|---|---|---|
| NFPA 101 生命安全 | 美国 | BS 9999 + BS 9991(英国)、DIN 4102(德国)、AS 1530/AS 4072(澳大利亚) |
| IBC 第7-10章(消防) | 美国 | NCC C/D/E节(澳大利亚)、AD-B(英国)、GB 50016(中国) |
| EN 13501-1(燃烧性能) | 欧盟 | ASTM E84(美国A/B/C级)、BS 476(英国旧标准) |
| EN 13501-2(耐火性能) | 欧盟 | UL 263 / ASTM E119(美国)、JIS A 1304(日本) |
| AS 1530.1/.2/.3/.4/.8 | 澳大利亚 | EN 13501(全套) |
| BS 9999:2017 + BS 9991:2015 | 英国 | 基于性能的消防工程 |
| BS 7974:2019 | 英国 | 消防工程原理应用 |
| ISO 23932 | 全球 | 消防安全工程——总则 |
| GB 50016-2014(2018版) | 中国 | 《建筑设计防火规范》 |
| 日本《消防法》+《消防法施行令》 | 日本 | 独特的两级体系(预防 + 结构) |
5.3 Accessibility
5.3 无障碍
| Standard | Country | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| ADA 2010 + ANSI A117.1-2017 | USA | -- |
| BS 8300-1:2018 + BS 8300-2:2018 + AD-M | UK | -- |
| DIN 18040-1/-2/-3 | Germany | -- |
| EN 17210:2021 | EU | Accessibility and usability of the built environment |
| AS 1428.1-2021 + Premises Standards | Australia | -- |
| ISO 21542:2021 | Worldwide | Accessibility and usability of the built environment |
| GB 50763-2012 | China | Code for design accessibility |
| Heart Building Law 2006 + JIS S 0026 | Japan | -- |
| Harmonised Guidelines 2021 + RPwD Act 2016 | India | Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act |
| SBC 801 Part 11 | Saudi | ANSI A117.1-derived |
| Code on Accessibility 2019 (BCA) + Universal Design Index | Singapore | -- |
| Dubai Universal Design Code 2017 | UAE Dubai | -- |
| 标准 | 国家 | 等效标准 |
|---|---|---|
| ADA 2010 + ANSI A117.1-2017 | 美国 | -- |
| BS 8300-1:2018 + BS 8300-2:2018 + AD-M | 英国 | -- |
| DIN 18040-1/-2/-3 | 德国 | -- |
| EN 17210:2021 | 欧盟 | 建成环境的无障碍与可用性 |
| AS 1428.1-2021 + 场所标准 | 澳大利亚 | -- |
| ISO 21542:2021 | 全球 | 建成环境的无障碍与可用性 |
| GB 50763-2012 | 中国 | 《无障碍设计规范》 |
| 《爱心建筑法2006》+ JIS S 0026 | 日本 | -- |
| 《统一指南2021》+《残疾人权利法2016》 | 印度 | 《残疾人权利法案》 |
| SBC 801 Part 11 | 沙特 | 源自ANSI A117.1 |
| 《无障碍规范2019》(BCA)+ 通用设计指数 | 新加坡 | -- |
| 《迪拜通用设计规范2017》 | 阿联酋迪拜 | -- |
5.4 Energy & Sustainability
5.4 能源与可持续发展
| Standard | Country | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| ASHRAE 90.1-2022 + IECC 2024 | USA | -- |
| EN 16798 (energy performance) | EU | -- |
| AD-L 2021 + Future Buildings Standard 2025 | UK | -- |
| GEG 2023 + DIN V 18599 | Germany | -- |
| Section J NCC + NatHERS | Australia | -- |
| SS 530 + BCA Green Mark 2021 | Singapore | -- |
| Sho-Energy Ho 2015 + CASBEE | Japan | -- |
| GB 55015-2021 + GB 50189-2015 | China | -- |
| ECBC 2017 + ECBC-R 2018 + GRIHA + IGBC | India | -- |
| Estidama Pearl 2010 + Al Sa'fat 2016 + Mostadamah | UAE | -- |
| SBC 601-CR + Saudi Mostadamah Building Code | Saudi | -- |
| 标准 | 国家 | 等效标准 |
|---|---|---|
| ASHRAE 90.1-2022 + IECC 2024 | 美国 | -- |
| EN 16798(能源性能) | 欧盟 | -- |
| AD-L 2021 + 未来建筑标准2025 | 英国 | -- |
| GEG 2023 + DIN V 18599 | 德国 | -- |
| NCC J节 + NatHERS | 澳大利亚 | -- |
| SS 530 + BCA绿色标志2021 | 新加坡 | -- |
| 《建筑节能法2015》+ CASBEE | 日本 | -- |
| GB 55015-2021 + GB 50189-2015 | 中国 | -- |
| ECBC 2017 + ECBC-R 2018 + GRIHA + IGBC | 印度 | -- |
| Estidama珍珠评级2010 + Al Sa'fat 2016 + Mostadamah | 阿联酋 | -- |
| SBC 601-CR + 沙特Mostadamah建筑规范 | 沙特 | -- |
6. Authority and Approval Bodies
6. 主管部门与审批机构
When advising on permit, certification, or approval, route to the named authority.
| Country | Building Approval | Fire Approval | Energy Certification | Accessibility Certification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | Municipal Corporation (e.g., MCGM Mumbai, MCD Delhi, BBMP Bangalore); Development Authority for new areas (DDA Delhi, MMRDA Mumbai) | State Fire Services Department + Chief Fire Officer NOC | BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) for ECBC; GRIHA Council / IGBC for ratings | Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities (CCPD) |
| UAE | Dubai: Dubai Municipality + Trakhees (DDA) for free zones; Abu Dhabi: DMT (Department of Municipalities and Transport); Sharjah: SBPD | UAE Civil Defence (federal); per-emirate Civil Defence sub-offices | Dubai: Al Sa'fat; Abu Dhabi: Estidama; both regulated by respective municipalities | Per-emirate accessibility offices; UAE federal MOCD |
| Saudi Arabia | Amana / Municipality (Amanat al-Riyadh, Amanat Jeddah etc.); Royal Commissions for special zones (NEOM, Yanbu) | General Directorate of Civil Defence (Mudiriat al-Difa'a al-Madani) | Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC); Mostadamah | Authority of People with Disabilities (Mowaamah for workplaces) |
| USA | City/County Department of Buildings (DOB NYC), Building Department LA, BPD Chicago etc.; state code adoption office | Local Fire Marshal + state Fire Marshal's office; AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction) per NFPA | DOE + state energy office; ASHRAE-certified commissioning agents for IECC/90.1 | Department of Justice (ADA enforcement); HUD (Fair Housing Act) |
| UK | Local Authority Building Control (LABC) OR Approved Inspector (private competition since 1985) | Same Building Control + Fire & Rescue Service consultation; BRR (Building Safety Regulator) for higher-risk buildings >18m | EPC issued by accredited assessor; SAP for dwellings, SBEM for non-domestic | Same Building Control + Equality and Human Rights Commission (enforcement) |
| Germany | Bauamt (per municipality) + state Oberste Bauaufsicht; Bauantrag submitted to local Bauaufsichtsbehoerde | Same Bauamt + Berufsfeuerwehr (city fire dept) review; Brandschutznachweis required | Energieausweis issued by qualified Energieberater; BAFA / KfW for incentive certification | Beauftragte fuer Belange behinderter Menschen (per state); review by Bauamt |
| Singapore | BCA (Building & Construction Authority) + URA (planning) | SCDF (Singapore Civil Defence Force) -- Fire Safety & Shelter Department | BCA Green Mark assessment; SCDF for ventilation interaction | BCA Code of Accessibility office + Universal Design Index audit |
| Japan | Tokutei Gyousei Cho (Designated Administrative Officer) -- typically prefecture or designated city; Confirmation Inspection Agency (private since 1998) | Same agency + Fire Department review (Shobosho); Article 7 inspection | Energy compliance by Designated Inspector under 2015 Act; CASBEE assessor | Heart Building Law approval by designated agency; specified housing under Choju Juutaku Hyouka |
| China | Local Construction Bureau (Jianshe Ju) + Planning Bureau (Guihua Ju); permit = Jianshe Gongcheng Guihua Xuke Zheng | Same + Public Security Fire Department (Gong'an Xiaofang); since 2019 transferred to Emergency Management Department | MOHURD (national) + provincial Construction Department; Green Building Label issued by CSGBC | Disability Persons' Federation (Canlianhui) + Construction Bureau |
| Australia | State Building Authority (Building Commission VIC, NSW Fair Trading, QBCC QLD); private Building Surveyor for assessment | State Fire & Rescue Service + Australian Building Codes Board for code; performance solutions via Fire Engineer (FPA Australia) | NCC Section J via Building Surveyor; NatHERS by accredited assessor (AAA) | Premises Standards via Building Surveyor; AAAA accredited Access Consultant; Human Rights Commission complaints |
在提供许可、认证或审批相关建议时,路由至指定主管部门。
| 国家 | 建筑审批 | 消防审批 | 能源认证 | 无障碍认证 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 印度 | 市政公司(如孟买MCGM、德里MCD、班加罗尔BBMP);新开发区由开发局负责(德里DDA、孟买MMRDA) | 邦消防局 + 首席消防官NOC | BEE(能源效率局)负责ECBC;GRIHA委员会 / IGBC负责评级 | 残疾人事务首席专员(CCPD) |
| 阿联酋 | 迪拜:迪拜市政局 + 自由区Trakhees(DDA);阿布扎比:DMT(市政与交通局);沙迦:SBPD | 阿联酋民防局(联邦);各酋长国民防分局 | 迪拜:Al Sa'fat;阿布扎比:Estidama;均由各自市政局监管 | 各酋长国无障碍办公室;阿联酋联邦MOCD |
| 沙特阿拉伯 | 市政局(Amana)(利雅得市政局、吉达市政局等);特殊区域由皇家委员会负责(NEOM、延布) | 民防总局(Mudiriat al-Difa'a al-Madani) | 沙特能效中心(SEEC);Mostadamah | 残疾人事务局(职场Mowaamah) |
| 美国 | 市/县建筑局(纽约市DOB、洛杉矶建筑局、芝加哥BPD等);州规范采纳办公室 | 地方消防总长 + 州消防总长办公室;NFPA定义的AHJ(主管当局) | 能源部 + 州能源办公室;IECC/90.1的ASHRAE认证调试专员 | 司法部(ADA执法);HUD(公平住房法) |
| 英国 | 地方当局建筑控制局(LABC)或 批准检查员(1985年起引入私人竞争) | 同一建筑控制局 + 消防救援部门磋商;高于18m的高风险建筑由BRR(建筑安全监管局)负责 | 由认证评估师颁发EPC;住宅用SAP,非住宅用SBEM | 同一建筑控制局 + 平等与人权委员会(执法) |
| 德国 | 市政建设局(Bauamt)+ 州最高建筑监管局;建筑申请提交至地方建筑监管部门 | 同一建设局 + 职业消防队(城市消防部门)审查;需提供消防证明(Brandschutznachweis) | 由合格能源顾问颁发能源证书(Energieausweis);BAFA / KfW负责激励认证 | 各州残疾人事务专员;由建设局审查 |
| 新加坡 | BCA(建设局)+ URA(市区重建局)负责规划 | SCDF(新加坡民防部队)——消防与防空署 | BCA绿色标志评估;通风系统交互由SCDF负责 | BCA无障碍规范办公室 + 通用设计指数审核 |
| 日本 | 指定行政官员(通常为都道府县或指定城市);确认检查机构(1998年起私有化) | 同一机构 + 消防部门(消防署)审查;第7条检查 | 2015年法案下由指定检查员负责能源合规;CASBEE评估师 | 由指定机构审批《爱心建筑法》;特定住宅适用《长寿住宅评价法》 |
| 中国 | 地方建设局(住建局)+ 规划局;许可证=建设工程规划许可证 | 同一部门 + 公安消防局;2019年起转隶应急管理部门 | MOHURD(国家层面)+ 省建设厅;绿色建筑标识由CSGBC颁发 | 残疾人联合会 + 建设局 |
| 澳大利亚 | 州建筑主管部门(维多利亚州建筑委员会、新南威尔士州公平交易厅、昆士兰州QBCC);由私人建筑测量师进行评估 | 州消防救援部门 + 澳大利亚建筑规范委员会负责规范;性能解决方案由消防工程师(澳大利亚消防工程师协会FPA Australia)出具 | 由建筑测量师负责NCC J节合规;NatHERS由认证评估师(AAA)负责 | 由建筑测量师负责场所标准合规;AAAA认证无障碍顾问;人权委员会受理投诉 |
7. Skill Routing Table
7. 技能路由表
When detection succeeds, load the relevant country skill immediately and then layer specialised topical skills on top.
| If user query involves... | Always load | Then layer |
|---|---|---|
| Project in India + structural design | | |
| Project in UAE + facade | | |
| Project in Riyadh + egress | | |
| Project in NYC + occupancy classification | | |
| Project in London + Part L compliance | | |
| Project in Berlin + accessibility | | |
| Project in Singapore + green rating | | |
| Project in Tokyo + seismic | | |
| Project in Shanghai + fire | | |
| Project in Sydney + NCC | | |
If the project spans multiple jurisdictions (international firm, master plan with foreign anchor tenant, embassy/diplomatic), apply the stricter of the two for each parameter and document the source per item.
检测成功后,立即加载相关国家技能,然后在其上叠加专业主题技能。
| 若用户查询涉及…… | 始终加载 | 然后叠加 |
|---|---|---|
| 印度项目 + 结构设计 | | |
| 阿联酋项目 + 外立面 | | |
| 利雅得项目 + 疏散 | | |
| 纽约项目 + 使用功能分类 | | |
| 伦敦项目 + Part L合规 | | |
| 柏林项目 + 无障碍 | | |
| 新加坡项目 + 绿色评级 | | |
| 东京项目 + 抗震 | | |
| 上海项目 + 消防 | | |
| 悉尼项目 + NCC | | |
如果项目跨越多个司法管辖区(国际公司、有外国主力租户的总体规划、大使馆/外交项目),则每个参数均采用两者中更严格的要求,并逐项记录来源。
8. Decision Tree
8. 决策树
USER QUERY ARRIVES
|
+--- Geographic signal detected? --- YES ---> Load country-<x> skill
| |
| +--> Continue with topical skill
| (building-codes, fire-life-safety, etc.)
| FILTERED through country lens
|
+--- NO signal detected ----> Ask "which jurisdiction?"
OR apply IBC + Eurocodes + ISO defaults explicitlyOnce a country skill is loaded:
COUNTRY SKILL ACTIVE
|
+--- Sub-national variant? (state, emirate, Land, prefecture, city)
| e.g., "Mumbai" --> MCGM DCPR 2034 supplement
| e.g., "Dubai" --> DBC 2021 vs Abu Dhabi ADIBC 2013
| e.g., "NYC" --> IBC 2024 + NYC BC 2022 amendments
| e.g., "Bavaria" --> BayBO + DIN-based Brandschutznachweis
| e.g., "California" --> IBC + Title 24 Part 6 (energy) + Part 11 (CalGreen)
|
+--- Version year of code in force?
| Older codes still in force for permits issued before transition.
| Practitioner must know permit-issue date vs current code year.
|
+--- Permit phase?
Pre-application -- planning/zoning rules dominant
Design Development -- structural + envelope + life-safety
Construction -- materials testing + inspection
Occupancy -- final certification + commissioningUSER QUERY ARRIVES
|
+--- Geographic signal detected? --- YES ---> Load country-<x> skill
| |
| +--> Continue with topical skill
| (building-codes, fire-life-safety, etc.)
| FILTERED through country lens
|
+--- NO signal detected ----> Ask "which jurisdiction?"
OR apply IBC + Eurocodes + ISO defaults explicitly加载国家技能后:
COUNTRY SKILL ACTIVE
|
+--- Sub-national variant? (state, emirate, Land, prefecture, city)
| e.g., "Mumbai" --> MCGM DCPR 2034 supplement
| e.g., "Dubai" --> DBC 2021 vs Abu Dhabi ADIBC 2013
| e.g., "NYC" --> IBC 2024 + NYC BC 2022 amendments
| e.g., "Bavaria" --> BayBO + DIN-based Brandschutznachweis
| e.g., "California" --> IBC + Title 24 Part 6 (energy) + Part 11 (CalGreen)
|
+--- Version year of code in force?
| Older codes still in force for permits issued before transition.
| Practitioner must know permit-issue date vs current code year.
|
+--- Permit phase?
Pre-application -- planning/zoning rules dominant
Design Development -- structural + envelope + life-safety
Construction -- materials testing + inspection
Occupancy -- final certification + commissioning9. Application Workflow
9. 应用工作流
- Detect geography using triggers in Section 1.
- Determine sub-national variation using Section 2 archetype + country-skill Section 1.
- Identify code version in force -- transition dates vary; ask user for permit application date if material.
- Apply country-skill clauses as primary; supplement with ,
building-codes,fire-life-safety,accessibility-designfor general principles only when country skill is silent.building-sustainability - Cite clauses precisely: use "[code title] [version year] [section/clause/article number]" format -- e.g., "IBC 2024, Section 1006.2.1, Table 1006.2.1" or "GEG 2023 paragraph 19".
- Flag stricter local override -- if state/city code is more stringent than national, the local clause governs.
- Identify the approval authority using Section 6.
- Cross-check with international reference if the user requests benchmark (e.g., compare ECBC 2017 wall U-values vs ASHRAE 90.1-2022 vs Passive House).
- 利用第1节中的触发项检测地理信息。
- 结合第2节的监管原型 + 国家技能第1节确定地方变体。
- 确定现行规范版本——过渡日期各不相同;如有重要影响,询问用户许可申请日期。
- 优先应用国家技能条款;仅当国家技能未涵盖相关内容时,以、
building-codes、fire-life-safety、accessibility-design中的通用原则作为补充。building-sustainability - 精准引用条款:使用“[规范标题] [版本年份] [章节/条款/条号]”格式——例如“IBC 2024, Section 1006.2.1, Table 1006.2.1”或“GEG 2023 paragraph 19”。
- 标注更严格的地方替代规定——如果州/城市规范比国家规范更严格,则以地方条款为准。
- 利用第6节确定审批主管部门。
- 如果用户要求基准对比,与国际参考标准交叉核对(例如对比ECBC 2017、ASHRAE 90.1-2022与Passive House的墙体U值要求)。
10. When Geographic Foundations Should NOT Fire
10. 地理基础模块不应触发的场景
- Pure theory/precedent question with no project context ("what is critical regionalism?" -- handled by )
design-theory - Pure typological question with no jurisdiction ("what is a courtyard plan?" -- handled by or
spatial-planning)building-typology - Mathematical/computational question ("calculate U-value of this assembly" -- handled by )
architect-calculator - Question explicitly framed as international/cross-border default ("what does Passive House require?" -- handled by )
building-sustainability
In all other cases involving design decisions tied to a real location, this skill should fire.
Sources: ICC (International Code Council) -- IBC/IRC/IECC/IFC 2024 editions; NFPA -- NFPA 101 2024 + NFPA 70 2023; BSI -- Building Regulations 2010 + Approved Documents A-S 2010-2025; DIBt + Lander -- MBO 2002/2019 + 16 Landesbauordnungen current editions; BIS -- NBC 2016 + IS codes current editions; BEE -- ECBC 2017 + ECBC-R 2018; MoHUA India -- Harmonised Guidelines 2021; SBCNC -- Saudi Building Code 2018 9-part series; UAE Civil Defence -- UAE Fire & Life Safety Code 2018; Dubai Municipality -- Dubai Building Code 2021; Department of Municipalities and Transport Abu Dhabi -- ADIBC 2013 + Estidama Pearl Rating; BCA Singapore -- Building Control Act + Building Control Regulations 2003 + 2021 update + SCDF Fire Code 2018; MLIT Japan -- Building Standards Act + Cabinet Order + recent Notifications; MOHURD China -- GB 50352-2019, GB 50016-2014 (2018 ed.), GB 50011-2010, GB 55015-2021; ABCB Australia -- NCC 2022 Volumes 1-3; ISO -- 21542:2021, 23932:2018; CEN -- EN 1990-1999 Eurocode suite current editions with national annexes; ASHRAE -- 90.1-2022, 62.1-2022, 55-2020, 169-2021.
- 无项目背景的纯理论/先例问题(“什么是批判地域主义?”——由处理)
design-theory - 无司法管辖区关联的纯类型学问题(“什么是庭院式布局?”——由或
spatial-planning处理)building-typology - 数学/计算类问题(“计算该构造的U值”——由处理)
architect-calculator - 明确以国际/跨境默认场景提出的问题(“Passive House有什么要求?”——由处理)
building-sustainability
在所有其他涉及真实地点相关设计决策的场景中,本技能均应触发。
来源:ICC(国际规范委员会)——IBC/IRC/IECC/IFC 2024版;NFPA——NFPA 101 2024 + NFPA 70 2023;BSI——《建筑法规2010》+《批准文件A-S》2010-2025;DIBt + Lander——MBO 2002/2019 + 16部州建筑条例现行版本;BIS——NBC 2016 + IS规范现行版本;BEE——ECBC 2017 + ECBC-R 2018;印度MoHUA——《统一指南2021》;SBCNC——沙特建筑规范2018 9部分系列;阿联酋民防局——阿联酋消防与生命安全实务规范2018;迪拜市政局——迪拜建筑规范2021;阿布扎比市政与交通局——ADIBC 2013 + Estidama珍珠评级体系;新加坡BCA——《建筑控制法》+《建筑控制条例》2003 + 2021年更新 + SCDF消防规范2018;日本MLIT——《建筑基准法》+ 内阁令 + 近期通知;中国MOHURD——GB 50352-2019、GB 50016-2014(2018版)、GB 50011-2010、GB 55015-2021;澳大利亚ABCB——NCC 2022 第1-3卷;ISO——21542:2021、23932:2018;CEN——EN 1990-1999 Eurocode系列现行版本及国家附录;ASHRAE——90.1-2022、62.1-2022、55-2020、169-2021。