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ChineseCountry: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
国家:沙特阿拉伯王国
Architectural code and regulatory reference for projects within Saudi Arabia. Activate this skill on any reference to Saudi cities (Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, Dammam, Tabuk, AlUla, NEOM, Khobar, Dhahran), SAR currency, "Amana"/"Baladiya", Royal Commission projects, Mostadamah, SBC codes, or Saudi Civil Defence (Difa'a al-Madani).
沙特阿拉伯境内项目的建筑规范与监管参考资料。当提及沙特城市(利雅得、吉达、麦加、麦地那、达曼、塔布克、欧拉、NEOM、胡拜尔、宰赫兰)、沙特里亚尔(SAR)货币、"Amana"/"Baladiya"、皇家委员会项目、Mostadamah、SBC规范或沙特民防部队(Difa'a al-Madani)时,可激活此技能。
1. Regulatory Hierarchy
1. 监管层级
Saudi Arabia operates as Archetype A (Unitary National Code): the Saudi Building Code (SBC) is mandatory throughout the Kingdom for all new construction since 2018. Provincial variations are administrative (which Amana issues the permit), not technical.
沙特阿拉伯采用A类模式(全国统一规范):自2018年起,**沙特建筑规范(SBC)**在王国全境对所有新建建筑强制执行。各省份的差异仅存在于行政层面(由哪个Amana颁发许可证),而非技术层面。
1.1 Authority Stack
1.1 监管体系层级
LEVEL 1 -- NATIONAL
Ministry of Municipal, Rural Affairs and Housing (MoMRAH) -- urban policy & code adoption
+ Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC) -- publishes SBC series
Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org (SASO) -- materials/products
Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC) -- energy programs
General Directorate of Civil Defence (Mudiriat al-Difa'a al-Madani) -- fire approvals
Authority of People with Disabilities -- accessibility policy
General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information -- maps, coordinates
Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities & Technology Zones (MODON)
Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY) -- separate jurisdiction
Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) -- separate jurisdiction
NEOM -- separate regulatory framework
Qiddiya Investment Company -- separate regulatory framework
Red Sea Global -- separate regulatory framework
Diriyah Gate Development Authority -- separate regulatory framework
LEVEL 2 -- REGIONAL
Regional Council of each Emirate (Riyadh, Mecca, Medina, Eastern, Asir, Tabuk, Qassim,
Hail, Northern Borders, Jazan, Najran, Al-Bahah, Jouf) -- regional planning oversight
LEVEL 3 -- LOCAL (PERMITTING)
Amana / Baladiyah (Municipality) -- per city:
Riyadh: Amanat al-Riyadh (now under Royal Commission for Riyadh City - RCRC)
Jeddah: Amanat Jeddah
Mecca: Amanat al-Asimah al-Muqaddasah (Holy Capital Municipality)
Medina: Amanat al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
Dammam: Amanat al-Mintaqah al-Sharqiyah
+ Sub-municipalities (Baladiyah Far'iyah) for districts within metropolises
LEVEL 4 -- PROJECT
Civil Defence (Difa'a al-Madani) -- pre-design + occupancy NOC
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) -- electrical sanction
National Water Co (NWC) / SWCC -- water/sewer
Ministry of Tourism -- hotel licensing
Ministry of Health -- hospital/clinic licensing
Ministry of Education -- school/university licensing
Ministry of Investment (MISA) -- foreign-owned projectsLEVEL 1 -- NATIONAL
Ministry of Municipal, Rural Affairs and Housing (MoMRAH) -- urban policy & code adoption
+ Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC) -- publishes SBC series
Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org (SASO) -- materials/products
Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC) -- energy programs
General Directorate of Civil Defence (Mudiriat al-Difa'a al-Madani) -- fire approvals
Authority of People with Disabilities -- accessibility policy
General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information -- maps, coordinates
Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities & Technology Zones (MODON)
Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY) -- separate jurisdiction
Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) -- separate jurisdiction
NEOM -- separate regulatory framework
Qiddiya Investment Company -- separate regulatory framework
Red Sea Global -- separate regulatory framework
Diriyah Gate Development Authority -- separate regulatory framework
LEVEL 2 -- REGIONAL
Regional Council of each Emirate (Riyadh, Mecca, Medina, Eastern, Asir, Tabuk, Qassim,
Hail, Northern Borders, Jazan, Najran, Al-Bahah, Jouf) -- regional planning oversight
LEVEL 3 -- LOCAL (PERMITTING)
Amana / Baladiyah (Municipality) -- per city:
Riyadh: Amanat al-Riyadh (now under Royal Commission for Riyadh City - RCRC)
Jeddah: Amanat Jeddah
Mecca: Amanat al-Asimah al-Muqaddasah (Holy Capital Municipality)
Medina: Amanat al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
Dammam: Amanat al-Mintaqah al-Sharqiyah
+ Sub-municipalities (Baladiyah Far'iyah) for districts within metropolises
LEVEL 4 -- PROJECT
Civil Defence (Difa'a al-Madani) -- pre-design + occupancy NOC
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) -- electrical sanction
National Water Co (NWC) / SWCC -- water/sewer
Ministry of Tourism -- hotel licensing
Ministry of Health -- hospital/clinic licensing
Ministry of Education -- school/university licensing
Ministry of Investment (MISA) -- foreign-owned projects1.2 Giga-Project Special Jurisdictions
1.2 巨型项目特殊管辖区域
Vision 2030 has spawned several non-Amana jurisdictions with their own building authorities:
| Giga-Project | Authority | Code Approach |
|---|---|---|
| NEOM | NEOM Company (own urban authority) | NEOM Building Code in development; in interim, project-specific authority approval; reportedly aligned to SBC + Eurocodes + bespoke high-performance overlay |
| The Line | NEOM | Special structural performance criteria (200 m height, 170 km length) |
| Qiddiya | Qiddiya Investment Company | Qiddiya Design Guidelines + SBC overlay |
| Red Sea / AMAALA | Red Sea Global | Red Sea Sustainability Standards (target LEED Platinum equivalent) + SBC + bespoke coastal-eco overlay |
| Diriyah | Diriyah Gate Development Authority | Salmani Architecture Guidelines (Najdi vernacular + modern); UNESCO heritage area compliance |
| AlUla | Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) | RCU Master Plan + Heritage Conservation Code; UNESCO World Heritage Hegra restrictions |
| King Salman International Airport (KSIA Riyadh) | RCRC + GACA | Aviation code overlay |
| King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC) | Emaar the Economic City | KAEC Guidelines + SBC |
| Jubail Industrial City | RCJY | RCJY-specific industrial codes + SBC |
| Yanbu Industrial City | RCJY | Same |
In any of these, project teams must follow the specific authority's design guidelines AND the SBC -- the giga-project guidelines layer on top, not replace.
2030愿景催生了多个非Amana管辖区域,这些区域设有自己的建筑主管部门:
| 巨型项目 | 主管部门 | 规范采用方式 |
|---|---|---|
| NEOM | NEOM公司(自有城市管理局) | NEOM建筑规范制定中;过渡期采用项目专属主管部门审批;据称对齐SBC + 欧洲规范 + 定制高性能叠加要求 |
| The Line | NEOM | 特殊结构性能要求(200米高度、170公里长度) |
| Qiddiya | Qiddiya投资公司 | Qiddiya设计指南 + SBC叠加要求 |
| 红海 / AMAALA | 红海全球 | 红海可持续标准(目标相当于LEED铂金级) + SBC + 定制沿海生态叠加要求 |
| Diriyah | Diriyah门开发管理局 | 萨尔曼尼建筑指南(纳吉迪本土风格+现代);需符合联合国教科文组织遗产区要求 |
| AlUla | 欧拉皇家委员会(RCU) | RCU总体规划 + 遗产保护规范;需符合联合国教科文组织世界遗产黑格拉的限制要求 |
| 萨勒曼国王国际机场(利雅得KSIA) | RCRC + GACA | 航空规范叠加要求 |
| 阿卜杜拉国王经济城(KAEC) | 伊玛尔经济城公司 | KAEC指南 + SBC |
| 朱拜勒工业城 | RCJY | RCJY专属工业规范 + SBC |
| 延布工业城 | RCJY | 同上 |
在上述任何区域,项目团队都必须遵守特定主管部门的设计指南以及SBC——巨型项目指南是叠加要求,而非替代SBC。
1.3 Sacred City Restrictions (Mecca + Medina)
1.3 圣城限制(麦加+麦地那)
- Mecca and Medina: only Muslims may permanently reside/work; non-Muslim consultants typically work via Saudi-Arabia-licensed Saudi associates with offsite review
- Both cities have special height limits in zones surrounding the Two Holy Mosques (Masjid al-Haram, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi) -- elevations, materials, colors, signage all controlled by Royal Commission for Mecca/Medina + Saudi Heritage Authority
- Hajj building regulations -- special crowd-flow requirements for hotels and infrastructure on the Hajj routes; capacity calculations follow Hajj Research Institute methodologies
- 麦加和麦地那:仅穆斯林可永久居住/工作;非穆斯林顾问通常通过持有沙特执业资质的沙特合作伙伴进行异地审查
- 两座圣寺(Masjid al-Haram、Al-Masjid an-Nabawi)周边区域设有特殊高度限制——建筑高度、材料、颜色、标识均由麦加/麦地那皇家委员会 + 沙特遗产管理局管控
- 朝觐建筑法规——朝觐路线上的酒店和基础设施有特殊的人流要求;容量计算遵循朝觐研究所的方法
2. Saudi Building Code Structure
2. 沙特建筑规范体系结构
The Saudi Building Code (SBC) was first published in 2007 with major revision in 2018 -- the 2018 edition is the operative version (with periodic updates issued by SBCNC). All buildings nationally must comply.
沙特建筑规范(SBC)于2007年首次发布,2018年完成重大修订——2018版为现行有效版本(SBCNC会定期发布更新)。全国所有建筑均须遵守。
2.1 Nine-Part Structure
2.1 九部分组成结构
| Code | Title | Aligned to / Derived From |
|---|---|---|
| SBC 201-CR | General Building Requirements | IBC 2018 |
| SBC 301-CR | Structural - Loads | ASCE 7-16 |
| SBC 302-CR | Concrete | ACI 318-14 |
| SBC 303-CR | Foundations / Soil Mechanics | -- |
| SBC 304-CR | (Note: numbering varies by edition; check current) | -- |
| SBC 305-CR | Masonry | TMS 402/602 |
| SBC 306-CR | Steel | AISC 360 |
| SBC 307-CR | Composite | AISC 360 + AISI |
| SBC 401-CR | Electrical | NEC 2017 (NFPA 70) |
| SBC 501-CR | Mechanical | IMC 2018 |
| SBC 601-CR | Energy Conservation | IECC 2015 + ASHRAE 90.1-2013 base, with SBC modifications |
| SBC 701-CR | Plumbing | IPC 2018 |
| SBC 801-CR | Fire | IFC 2018 + NFPA cross-references |
| SBC 901-CR | Existing Buildings | IEBC 2018 |
| SBC 1001-CR | Green Buildings | LEED + ASHRAE 189.1 + IgCC |
SBC-G (general public) and SBC-CR (technical/engineer) are the two reading tiers. Practitioners use SBC-CR.
| 规范编号 | 名称 | 对齐/衍生来源 |
|---|---|---|
| SBC 201-CR | 通用建筑要求 | IBC 2018 |
| SBC 301-CR | 结构-荷载 | ASCE 7-16 |
| SBC 302-CR | 混凝土 | ACI 318-14 |
| SBC 303-CR | 地基/土力学 | -- |
| SBC 304-CR | (注:编号因版本而异;请查阅现行版本) | -- |
| SBC 305-CR | 砌体 | TMS 402/602 |
| SBC 306-CR | 钢结构 | AISC 360 |
| SBC 307-CR | 组合结构 | AISC 360 + AISI |
| SBC 401-CR | 电气 | NEC 2017 (NFPA 70) |
| SBC 501-CR | 机械 | IMC 2018 |
| SBC 601-CR | 节能 | 以IECC 2015 + ASHRAE 90.1-2013为基础,并有SBC修订 |
| SBC 701-CR | 给排水 | IPC 2018 |
| SBC 801-CR | 消防 | IFC 2018 + NFPA交叉引用 |
| SBC 901-CR | 既有建筑 | IEBC 2018 |
| SBC 1001-CR | 绿色建筑 | LEED + ASHRAE 189.1 + IgCC |
SBC-G(公众版)和SBC-CR(技术/工程师版)是两个阅读层级。从业人员使用SBC-CR版本。
2.2 Adoption Year by City
2.2 各城市实施时间
While SBC is technically nationally mandatory since 2018, enforcement strength varies:
- Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Mecca, Medina: full SBC enforcement at Amana level since 2019
- Tier-2 cities: enforcement strengthening 2020-2024
- Tier-3 / rural: SBC formally applies but on-site practice may lag
- Giga-projects: own authority + SBC overlay
虽然SBC自2018年起在全国范围内强制实施,但执行力度因地而异:
- 利雅得、吉达、达曼、麦加、麦地那:自2019年起,Amana层面全面执行SBC
- 二线城市:2020-2024年执行力度逐步加强
- 三线/农村地区:SBC正式适用,但现场执行可能滞后
- 巨型项目:自有主管部门 + SBC叠加要求
3. Building Code Core (SBC 201 + 801)
3. 建筑规范核心内容(SBC 201 + 801)
3.1 Occupancy Classification (SBC 201 Ch. 3, IBC-aligned)
3.1 使用功能分类(SBC 201 第3章,对齐IBC)
| Group | Occupancy | Subdivisions |
|---|---|---|
| A | Assembly | A-1 (theaters), A-2 (food/drink), A-3 (worship/exhibit), A-4 (indoor sport), A-5 (outdoor) |
| B | Business | -- |
| E | Educational | up to 12th grade |
| F | Factory/Industrial | F-1 moderate, F-2 low hazard |
| H | High Hazard | H-1 to H-5 |
| I | Institutional | I-1 supervised; I-2 medical care; I-3 detention; I-4 day care |
| M | Mercantile | -- |
| R | Residential | R-1 transient, R-2 apartment, R-3 single-family, R-4 small care |
| S | Storage | S-1 moderate, S-2 low |
| U | Utility | -- |
| 类别 | 使用功能 | 细分 |
|---|---|---|
| A | 集会类 | A-1(剧院)、A-2(餐饮)、A-3(礼拜/展览)、A-4(室内运动)、A-5(室外) |
| B | 办公类 | -- |
| E | 教育类 | 至12年级 |
| F | 工厂/工业类 | F-1(中等危险)、F-2(低危险) |
| H | 高危险类 | H-1至H-5 |
| I | 机构类 | I-1(监护型)、I-2(医疗护理)、I-3(羁押型)、I-4(日托) |
| M | 商业类 | -- |
| R | 居住类 | R-1(短期住宿)、R-2(公寓)、R-3(独栋住宅)、R-4(小型护理) |
| S | 仓储类 | S-1(中等危险)、S-2(低危险) |
| U | 辅助设施类 | -- |
3.2 Height & Area (SBC 201 Ch. 5 + Table 504)
3.2 高度与面积(SBC 201 第5章 + 表504)
IBC-aligned; same Type IA through VB construction types; same height-vs-area-vs-occupancy-vs-construction matrix.
Key Saudi-specific note: Saudi practice often uses Type IA or IB (fully fire-protected) for most large buildings due to fire policy + insurance.
对齐IBC;采用相同的IA至VB类建筑结构类型;采用相同的高度-面积-使用功能-结构类型对应矩阵。
沙特特有注意事项:由于消防政策和保险要求,沙特大多数大型建筑通常采用**IA或IB类(全防火保护)**结构。
3.3 Setback and FAR -- Riyadh Example (RCRC)
3.3 退界与容积率(FAR)——以利雅得为例(RCRC)
| Zone | FAR (sometimes "Floor Area Coefficient") | Coverage | Setbacks | Height |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 villa | 1.0-1.5 | 50% | 5 m front, 3 m sides | 12 m (2-3 floors typical) |
| R2 (apartments) | 2.5-4.0 | 50-60% | 5-7 m front, 3-5 m sides | 20-30 m |
| Commercial mid-density | 4.0-6.0 | 70% | per street width formula | 30-45 m |
| Commercial high-density / CBD | 6-12 | 70-80% | per zoning + setback minimum 5 m | 100 m+ (per skyline plan) |
| Industrial | 0.8 | 50% | 8 m front | varies |
Riyadh's Riyadh Strategic Plan 2030 + King Salman Renaissance Project (RCRC) are restructuring zoning. Confirm current Detailed Land Use Plan (DLUP) for any specific plot.
| 区域 | 容积率FAR(有时称“建筑面积系数”) | 建筑密度 | 退界 | 高度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 别墅 | 1.0-1.5 | 50% | 正面5米,侧面3米 | 12米(通常2-3层) |
| R2(公寓) | 2.5-4.0 | 50-60% | 正面5-7米,侧面3-5米 | 20-30米 |
| 中等密度商业 | 4.0-6.0 | 70% | 按街道宽度公式计算 | 30-45米 |
| 高密度商业/中央商务区 | 6-12 | 70-80% | 按分区规定 + 退界最小5米 | 100米以上(按天际线规划) |
| 工业 | 0.8 | 50% | 正面8米 | 视情况而定 |
利雅得的**《利雅得2030战略规划》** + **萨勒曼国王复兴项目(RCRC)**正在调整分区规划。任何特定地块均需确认当前的详细土地利用规划(DLUP)。
3.4 Setback and FAR -- Jeddah
3.4 退界与容积率——吉达
Jeddah's coastal high-density mid-rise pattern uses Building Coefficient = FAR × site coverage. Old city (Al-Balad UNESCO heritage zone) has strict conservation rules.
吉达沿海高密度中高层开发模式采用建筑系数 = FAR × 建筑密度的计算方式。老城区(Al-Balad 联合国教科文组织遗产区)有严格的保护规定。
4. Fire and Life Safety (SBC 801)
4. 消防与生命安全(SBC 801)
4.1 SBC 801-CR Structure
4.1 SBC 801-CR 体系结构
IBC/IFC-aligned. Key chapters:
- Ch. 4 General Building Heights and Areas (cross-ref SBC 201 Ch. 5)
- Ch. 5-9 Building Types and Specific Occupancies
- Ch. 10 Means of Egress (IBC Ch. 10 aligned)
- Ch. 11 Accessibility (overlap with Saudi Universal Accessibility Code)
- Ch. 14 Exterior Walls (NFPA 285 cladding alignment)
- Ch. 26-29 Fire-protection systems
- Ch. 33 Existing buildings
- Ch. 34 Special detailed requirements
对齐IBC/IFC。核心章节包括:
- 第4章 建筑总高度与面积(参见SBC 201第5章)
- 第5-9章 建筑类型与特定使用功能
- 第10章 疏散设施(对齐IBC第10章)
- 第11章 无障碍设计(与沙特通用无障碍规范内容重叠)
- 第14章 外墙(对齐NFPA 285覆层标准)
- 第26-29章 消防系统
- 第33章 既有建筑
- 第34章 特殊详细要求
4.2 Egress Travel Distances (SBC 801 Ch. 10)
4.2 疏散行走距离(SBC 801 第10章)
Aligned to IBC Table 1017.2 with Saudi modifications:
| Occupancy | Sprinklered Travel (m) | Unsprinklered (m) |
|---|---|---|
| A | 76.2 | 61.0 |
| B | 91.4 | 61.0 |
| E | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| F-1 | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| H-1 | 22.86 | 22.86 |
| H-2 | 30.48 | 30.48 |
| H-3 | 45.72 | 30.48 |
| I-2 | 60.96 | -- (req sprinklered) |
| M | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| R | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| S-1 | 76.2 | 60.96 |
对齐IBC表1017.2,并有沙特本地化修订:
| 使用功能 | 设自动喷水灭火系统(米) | 未设自动喷水灭火系统(米) |
|---|---|---|
| A | 76.2 | 61.0 |
| B | 91.4 | 61.0 |
| E | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| F-1 | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| H-1 | 22.86 | 22.86 |
| H-2 | 30.48 | 30.48 |
| H-3 | 45.72 | 30.48 |
| I-2 | 60.96 | --(要求设喷淋) |
| M | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| R | 76.2 | 60.96 |
| S-1 | 76.2 | 60.96 |
4.3 High-Rise (SBC 801 Ch. 4 Special Detailed)
4.3 高层建筑(SBC 801 第4章 特殊详细要求)
- Threshold: building > 23 m (75 ft) above lowest fire-department access
- Required: 2 enclosed exit stairs (pressurized in many cases), 2-hour fire-rated lobbies, sprinklers throughout, voice evacuation, fire command centre, fire lift complying with EN 81-72 equivalent
- Smoke control: required atrium, mall, underground parking, high-rise per SBC 801 Ch. 28
- 判定阈值:建筑最低消防接入面以上高度超过23米(75英尺)
- 要求:2部封闭疏散楼梯(多数情况下需加压)、2小时耐火等级的前室、全楼自动喷水灭火系统、语音疏散系统、消防指挥中心、符合EN 81-72等效标准的消防电梯
- 排烟控制:中庭、商场、地下停车场、高层建筑需按SBC 801第28章设置排烟系统
4.4 External Wall Cladding (SBC 801 Ch. 14, post-Mecca crane tower fires)
4.4 外墙覆层(SBC 801 第14章,麦加起重机塔火灾后修订)
Aligned to IBC Section 1402-1406 and NFPA 285:
- Buildings > 18 m (60 ft) require NFPA 285 tested assembly OR Class A1/A2 non-combustible
- Storage building heat-released ban: large-scale combustible cladding effectively prohibited
- Approval: Civil Defence reviews + Saudi Standards (SASO) certification of products
对齐IBC第1402-1406节和NFPA 285标准:
- 高度超过18米(60英尺)的建筑需采用经NFPA 285测试的组件或A1/A2级不燃材料
- 仓储建筑热释放禁令:大规模可燃覆层实际上被禁止
- 审批要求:民防部门审核 + 产品需获得沙特标准(SASO)认证
4.5 Civil Defence Approval Pre-Design
4.5 民防部门预设计审批
For any major project (high-rise, hospital, school, hotel, mall, industrial, special hazards):
- Concept submission to Civil Defence -- review of fire strategy
- Design Development submission -- complete fire/life safety design package
- Construction-phase inspections
- Pre-occupancy inspection -- Civil Defence Completion Certificate required before Amana issues Occupancy Permit
对于任何大型项目(高层建筑、医院、学校、酒店、商场、工业项目、特殊危险项目):
- 向民防部门提交概念方案——审核消防策略
- 提交方案设计文件——完整的消防/生命安全设计包
- 施工阶段检查
- 入住前检查——Amana颁发入住许可证前需取得民防部门的竣工证书
5. Energy Code (SBC 601)
5. 节能规范(SBC 601)
5.1 SBC 601-CR Structure
5.1 SBC 601-CR 体系结构
Aligned to IECC 2015 + ASHRAE 90.1-2013 with Saudi modifications. Mandatory.
Saudi Climate Zones (SBC 601-CR Section 301.1):
| Zone | Type | Cities | ASHRAE 169 Equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zone 1 | Hot-Humid (Coast) | Jeddah, Yanbu, Jubail, Dammam, Khobar | 1B-2A margin |
| Zone 2 | Hot-Dry (Interior) | Riyadh, Hail, Buraydah, Hofuf | 1B |
| Zone 3 | Cooler/Highland | Abha, Taif, Tabuk, AlUla, NEOM (mountains) | 2B-3B margin |
对齐IECC 2015 + ASHRAE 90.1-2013,并有沙特本地化修订。强制执行。
沙特气候分区(SBC 601-CR 第301.1节):
| 分区 | 类型 | 代表城市 | 对应ASHRAE 169分区 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1区 | 炎热湿润(沿海) | 吉达、延布、朱拜勒、达曼、胡拜尔 | 1B-2A交界 |
| 2区 | 炎热干旱(内陆) | 利雅得、哈伊勒、布赖代、胡富夫 | 1B |
| 3区 | 凉爽/高原 | 艾卜哈、塔伊夫、塔布克、欧拉、NEOM(山区) | 2B-3B交界 |
5.2 SBC 601 Prescriptive Envelope Targets
5.2 SBC 601 规定性围护结构指标
| Element | Zone 1 (Coastal Humid) | Zone 2 (Interior Dry) | Zone 3 (Highland) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wall U (W/m2K) | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.40 |
| Roof U (W/m2K) | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Window U (W/m2K) | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.20 |
| Window SHGC | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.40 |
| WWR max | 40% | 30% | 40% |
(Values indicative; refer to SBC 601-CR current edition tables.)
| 构件 | 1区(沿海湿润) | 2区(内陆干旱) | 3区(高原) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 墙体传热系数U(W/m²·K) | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.40 |
| 屋面传热系数U(W/m²·K) | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 窗户传热系数U(W/m²·K) | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.20 |
| 窗户太阳得热系数SHGC | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.40 |
| 最大窗墙比WWR | 40% | 30% | 40% |
(数值为参考值;以SBC 601-CR现行版本表格为准。)
5.3 Mostadamah (Saudi Green Building Program)
5.3 Mostadamah(沙特绿色建筑计划)
Saudi's voluntary-tier green rating system. Categories: Site, Water, Energy, Materials, IEQ, Innovation. Pursued by government-funded projects and increasingly by private developers (NEOM, Red Sea Global require equivalent).
沙特的自愿级绿色建筑评级体系。评分类别包括:场地、水资源、能源、材料、室内环境质量(IEQ)、创新。政府出资项目需执行该体系,私人开发商也越来越多地采用(NEOM、红海全球要求达到等效标准)。
5.4 SEEC Programs
5.4 SEEC 项目
Saudi Energy Efficiency Center mandates appliance standards (SASO labels), industrial efficiency, district cooling for new developments > 2 million sqm conditioned space.
沙特能效中心强制要求电器标准(SASO标签)、工业能效,以及空调面积超过200万平方米的新开发项目采用区域供冷。
6. Accessibility (SBC 801 Ch. 11 + Saudi Universal Accessibility Code)
6. 无障碍设计(SBC 801 第11章 + 沙特通用无障碍规范)
6.1 Framework
6.1 框架体系
- SBC 801 Chapter 11 -- aligned to ANSI A117.1-2009
- Saudi Universal Accessibility Code (2010, revised) -- by MoMRAH + Authority of People with Disabilities
- King Salman Center for Disability Research standards
- Mowaamah Certification -- accessibility certification for workplaces
- Saudi ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2008)
- SBC 801 第11章——对齐ANSI A117.1-2009
- 沙特通用无障碍规范(2010年,已修订)——由MoMRAH + 残疾人事务局发布
- 萨勒曼国王残疾研究中心标准
- Mowaamah认证——工作场所无障碍认证
- 沙特于2008年批准了**《联合国残疾人权利公约》**
6.2 Key Dimensions
6.2 关键尺寸
ANSI A117.1-aligned with Saudi additions:
| Element | Dimension |
|---|---|
| Accessible route | 1.22 m clear (1.5 m preferred) |
| Door clear width | 813 mm (32 in) -- with Saudi preference for 900 mm at primary entries |
| Ramp gradient | 1:12 max, 1:20 preferred for tactile/wayfinding |
| Ramp landing | 1.5 x 1.5 m every 9 m run |
| Lift cabin | Type B 1100 x 1300 mm (typical); stretcher type 1100 x 2100 mm (hospital) |
| Accessible WC | 2.0 x 2.0 m minimum; grab rails left + right; emergency call cord |
| Accessible parking | 3.66 m + 1.52 m access aisle (ANSI dimensions); covered preferred for sun protection |
| Tactile flooring | Per ISO 23599 + Saudi Code; at all level changes, doorways, lift entries, ramp ends |
| Mosque accessibility | Wheelchair-accessible prayer area at side (not back) per Saudi guidelines; ablution stations dual-height |
对齐ANSI A117.1,并有沙特本地化补充:
| 构件 | 尺寸 |
|---|---|
| 无障碍通道 | 净宽1.22米(优先1.5米) |
| 门净宽 | 813毫米(32英寸)——沙特的主入口优先采用900毫米 |
| 坡道坡度 | 最大1:12,触觉/导视优先采用1:20 |
| 坡道平台 | 每9米坡道设置1.5×1.5米平台 |
| 电梯轿厢 | B型1100×1300毫米(常规);担架型1100×2100毫米(医院) |
| 无障碍卫生间 | 最小2.0×2.0米;左右设扶手;设紧急呼叫绳 |
| 无障碍停车位 | 3.66米宽车位 + 1.52米宽通道(ANSI尺寸);优先设遮阳棚 |
| 触觉地面 | 符合ISO 23599 + 沙特规范;设置在所有高差变化处、出入口、电梯入口、坡道端部 |
| 清真寺无障碍设计 | 按沙特指南,轮椅可用祈祷区设在侧面(而非后方);净身台设双高度 |
6.3 Mowaamah Workplace Certification
6.3 Mowaamah 工作场所认证
Three tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold. Requires policy + physical environment + recruitment provisions. Issued by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development. Many Saudi commercial buildings now target Mowaamah Gold.
分为三个等级:铜级、银级、金级。要求满足政策、实体环境、招聘相关规定。由人力资源和社会发展部颁发。目前许多沙特商业建筑以获得Mowaamah金级认证为目标。
7. Structural and Loads (SBC 301)
7. 结构与荷载(SBC 301)
7.1 SBC 301 -- Loads
7.1 SBC 301——荷载
Aligned to ASCE 7-16:
| Load | Saudi-Specific |
|---|---|
| Dead and Live | ASCE 7-16 Ch. 3-4 |
| Wind | ASCE 7-16 + Saudi wind maps; 3-second gust mapped by region |
| Seismic | Generally low (SDC A-C); higher around Tabuk + Red Sea margin (NEOM site) and Asir region |
| Snow | Highland regions only (Abha, Tabuk highlands); SBC 301 maps |
| Dust/Sand | Site-specific additive; significant near Empty Quarter (Rub' al Khali) edges |
| Thermal | Critical for facades; design thermal range up to 60 C |
对齐ASCE 7-16:
| 荷载类型 | 沙特特有要求 |
|---|---|
| 恒载与活载 | ASCE 7-16 第3-4章 |
| 风荷载 | ASCE 7-16 + 沙特风荷载图谱;按区域绘制3秒阵风风速 |
| 地震作用 | 总体较低(SDC A-C级);塔布克 + 红海沿岸(NEOM场地)和阿西尔地区较高 |
| 雪荷载 | 仅高原地区(艾卜哈、塔布克高原);参见SBC 301图谱 |
| 灰尘/沙尘 | 需按场地附加;鲁卜哈利沙漠(空白之地)边缘地区影响显著 |
| 温度作用 | 对立面设计至关重要;设计温度范围可达60摄氏度 |
7.2 Seismic Zoning
7.2 抗震分区
Saudi Arabia has moderate seismicity along Red Sea margin + Tabuk + Asir; low elsewhere.
| Region | Seismic Design Category (SDC) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Central Plateau (Riyadh, Buraydah) | A | Lowest |
| Eastern Province (Dammam, Khobar) | A-B | Low |
| Western Coast Jeddah | B-C | Moderate |
| Tabuk, NEOM region | C-D | Higher |
| Asir Highlands (Abha) | C | Moderate |
| Northern Borders | A | Lowest |
For SDC D and above, full ductile detailing per SBC 302/306 + ASCE 7 seismic analysis required.
沙特阿拉伯红海沿岸、塔布克、阿西尔地区地震活动中等;其他地区较低。
| 地区 | 抗震设计类别(SDC) | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 中部高原(利雅得、布赖代) | A | 最低 |
| 东部省(达曼、胡拜尔) | A-B | 低 |
| 西海岸 吉达 | B-C | 中等 |
| 塔布克、NEOM地区 | C-D | 较高 |
| 阿西尔高原(艾卜哈) | C | 中等 |
| 北部边境 | A | 最低 |
对于SDC D级及以上地区,需按SBC 302/306进行全延性细部设计,并按ASCE 7进行地震分析。
7.3 Materials
7.3 材料
| Material | Code |
|---|---|
| Concrete | SBC 302 (ACI 318-14 derived) |
| Steel | SBC 306 (AISC 360 derived) |
| Masonry | SBC 305 (TMS 402/602 derived) |
| Foundations | SBC 304 -- soils, calcareous/sabkha + gypsum special provisions |
| Aluminium | AA Aluminium Design Manual (referenced) |
| 材料 | 遵循规范 |
|---|---|
| 混凝土 | SBC 302(衍生自ACI 318-14) |
| 钢结构 | SBC 306(衍生自AISC 360) |
| 砌体 | SBC 305(衍生自TMS 402/602) |
| 地基 | SBC 304——土壤、钙质/盐滩(sabkha)+ 石膏特殊规定 |
| 铝合金 | AA铝合金设计手册(参考) |
7.4 Soils
7.4 土壤
Saudi has problematic soils in many regions:
- Sabkha (coastal salt flats around Persian Gulf, Red Sea): high sulphate + chloride, weak bearing
- Gypsum-bearing soils (Riyadh, Eastern Province): solubility risk
- Calcareous soils (coastal): variable strength
- Expansive clays (some Eastern + Northern areas)
Sulphate-resistant cement per SASO/SBC 302 mandatory for coastal foundations.
沙特许多地区存在不良土壤:
- Sabkha(波斯湾、红海沿岸的盐滩):高硫酸盐和氯化物含量,承载力弱
- 含石膏土壤(利雅得、东部省):存在溶解风险
- 钙质土(沿海地区):强度不均
- 膨胀土(东部和北部部分地区)
沿海地区地基必须按SASO/SBC 302要求使用抗硫酸盐水泥。
8. Construction Permits Workflow
8. 施工许可证办理流程
8.1 Steps (Riyadh as representative)
8.1 办理步骤(以利雅得为例)
- Land documentation: Saqq (Title Deed) verification with Ministry of Justice
- Survey + soil report by certified office
- Concept design + plot certificate (Maska al-Aradhi) check
- Schematic submission to Amana (Belady portal in Riyadh) + Civil Defence pre-approval
- Detailed Design submission -- structural calculations, MEP, fire engineering report, accessibility, energy compliance per SBC 601
- Building Permit issuance by Amana
- Construction supervision contract mandatory -- consultant signs off on phases
- Milestone inspections -- foundation, structure, MEP, completion
- Pre-occupancy inspections -- Civil Defence + Amana
- Occupancy Certificate (Shahadat Itham al-Bina'a) by Amana
- Utility connections SEC + NWC + others
- 土地文件:向司法部核实Saqq(地契)
- 由认证机构出具测量报告 + 土壤报告
- 概念设计 + 地块证书(Maska al-Aradhi)核查
- 向Amana提交方案设计(利雅得通过Belady平台提交)+ 民防部门预审批
- 提交详细设计文件——结构计算、MEP(机电)、消防工程报告、无障碍设计、SBC 601节能合规证明
- Amana颁发施工许可证
- 强制签订施工监理合同——由顾问分阶段签字确认
- 里程碑检查——地基、结构、MEP、竣工
- 入住前检查——民防部门 + Amana
- Amana颁发入住许可证(Shahadat Itham al-Bina'a)
- 公用事业接入:SEC(沙特电力公司) + NWC(国家水务公司) + 其他
8.2 Special Workflows
8.2 特殊流程
- Giga-projects: own authority handles steps 4-10 internally; SBC compliance reviewed by their consultants
- Royal Commission projects (RCJY, RCU, RCRC): separate workflow within commission's design + permit office
- Mecca/Medina holy precincts: additional Royal Commission approval; restrictions on construction during Hajj season (~6 weeks)
- 巨型项目:自有主管部门内部处理第4-10步;SBC合规性由其顾问审核
- 皇家委员会项目(RCJY、RCU、RCRC):在委员会的设计+许可办公室内采用独立流程
- 麦加/麦地那圣区:需额外获得皇家委员会批准;朝觐季节(约6周)期间施工受限
9. Climate Design Parameters
9. 气候设计参数
9.1 Riyadh (Zone 2 -- Hot Dry Interior)
9.1 利雅得(2区——内陆炎热干旱)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Cooling design DB (0.4%) | 47-48 deg C |
| Cooling MCWB | 18-20 deg C (dry) |
| Heating design DB (99.6%) | 4-6 deg C |
| Diurnal swing | 15-22 deg C summer |
| Annual CDD (base 18C) | ~3500 |
| Annual HDD (base 18C) | ~500 |
| Annual solar (GHI) | 2150 kWh/m2 |
| Wind 3-sec gust | 38-42 m/s |
| Dust storms | 8-15 events/year |
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 制冷设计干球温度DB(0.4%保证率) | 47-48摄氏度 |
| 制冷设计平均共时湿球温度MCWB | 18-20摄氏度(干燥) |
| 采暖设计干球温度DB(99.6%保证率) | 4-6摄氏度 |
| 气温日较差 | 夏季15-22摄氏度 |
| 年制冷度日数CDD(基准18℃) | 约3500 |
| 年采暖度日数HDD(基准18℃) | 约500 |
| 年太阳总辐射量GHI | 2150千瓦时/平方米 |
| 3秒阵风风速 | 38-42米/秒 |
| 沙尘暴 | 每年8-15次 |
9.2 Jeddah (Zone 1 -- Hot Humid Coast)
9.2 吉达(1区——沿海炎热湿润)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Cooling design DB | 39-41 deg C |
| Cooling MCWB | 27-29 deg C (humid -- bigger challenge) |
| Heating design DB | 13-15 deg C |
| Annual CDD | 5000+ |
| Salt-laden air | severe corrosion risk |
| Sirocco / khamsin events | dust + heat |
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 制冷设计干球温度DB | 39-41摄氏度 |
| 制冷设计平均共时湿球温度MCWB | 27-29摄氏度(湿润——设计挑战更大) |
| 采暖设计干球温度DB | 13-15摄氏度 |
| 年制冷度日数CDD | 5000以上 |
| 含盐空气 | 腐蚀风险严重 |
| 西洛可风/喀新风事件 | 沙尘+高温 |
9.3 Tabuk / NEOM (Zone 3 -- Highland)
9.3 塔布克 / NEOM(3区——高原)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Cooling design DB | 38-40 deg C |
| Heating design DB | -2 to 2 deg C (snow occasionally) |
| Wind | Highest in Kingdom (NEOM coastal-mountain interaction; significant offshore site potential) |
| Annual CDD | 2000-2500 |
| Annual HDD | 1500-2000 |
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 制冷设计干球温度DB | 38-40摄氏度 |
| 采暖设计干球温度DB | -2至2摄氏度(偶尔降雪) |
| 风 | 王国境内最高(NEOM沿海-山地相互作用;海上场地潜力显著) |
| 年制冷度日数CDD | 2000-2500 |
| 年采暖度日数HDD | 1500-2000 |
10. Quick Numeric Reference
10. 快速数值参考
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Floor-to-floor residential | 3.0-3.3 m | SBC 201 + general practice |
| Floor-to-floor office | 4.0-4.5 m | SBC 201 + Saudi Class A office spec |
| Hotel ceiling clear | 2.7 m min | SBC 201 |
| Corridor width residential | 1.118 m (44 in) | SBC 801 Ch. 10 |
| Corridor width office | 1.118 m (44 in) | SBC 801 Ch. 10 |
| Stair width | 1.118 m (44 in) | SBC 801 Ch. 10 |
| Travel distance B (sprinklered) | 91.4 m | SBC 801 Ch. 10 + IBC Table 1017.2 |
| Cladding (high-rise) | NFPA 285 assembly or Class A1/A2 | SBC 801 Ch. 14 |
| Wall U (Zone 2 -- Riyadh) | 0.45 W/m2K | SBC 601 |
| Glass SHGC (Zone 2) | 0.25 | SBC 601 |
| Parking residential | 1.0-1.5 per unit | Local Amana DCR |
| Mosque -- prayer area allocation | 0.8-1.0 m2 per worshipper (sitting); 0.6 m2 standing | Hajj Research Institute |
| 参数 | 数值 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 住宅层高 | 3.0-3.3米 | SBC 201 + 通用做法 |
| 办公层高 | 4.0-4.5米 | SBC 201 + 沙特甲级办公标准 |
| 酒店净高 | 最小2.7米 | SBC 201 |
| 住宅走廊宽度 | 1.118米(44英寸) | SBC 801 第10章 |
| 办公走廊宽度 | 1.118米(44英寸) | SBC 801 第10章 |
| 楼梯宽度 | 1.118米(44英寸) | SBC 801 第10章 |
| 办公类疏散距离(设喷淋) | 91.4米 | SBC 801 第10章 + IBC表1017.2 |
| 高层建筑覆层 | NFPA 285测试组件或A1/A2级 | SBC 801 第14章 |
| 墙体传热系数U(2区——利雅得) | 0.45 W/m²·K | SBC 601 |
| 玻璃太阳得热系数SHGC(2区) | 0.25 | SBC 601 |
| 住宅停车位 | 每户1.0-1.5个 | 当地Amana DCR |
| 清真寺——祈祷区面积分配 | 每位礼拜者0.8-1.0平方米(坐姿);站姿0.6平方米 | 朝觐研究所 |
11. Application Workflow
11. 应用流程
- Identify Amana / Royal Commission / Giga-project jurisdiction.
- Confirm SBC version in force at current Amana (typically 2018 + latest amendments).
- Apply SBC 201 for general + classification.
- Apply SBC 801 for fire/life safety (always).
- Apply SBC 601 for energy compliance.
- Apply SBC 301-306 for structural.
- Apply Saudi Universal Accessibility Code + SBC 801 Ch. 11 for accessibility.
- Confirm Civil Defence pre-approval workflow at concept/SD/DD/Construction/Completion.
- Confirm RCRC / RCU / NEOM specific guidelines if within those jurisdictions.
- Cite clauses: "SBC 201-CR 2018 Chapter 504", "SBC 801-CR 2018 Section 1006.2", "SBC 601-CR 2018 Table C402.1.4", "Saudi Universal Accessibility Code 2010 Section 4.3.1".
- 确定所属Amana / 皇家委员会 / 巨型项目管辖区域。
- 确认当前Amana执行的SBC版本(通常为2018版 + 最新修订)。
- 通用要求 + 分类采用SBC 201。
- 消防/生命安全(始终)采用SBC 801。
- 节能合规采用SBC 601。
- 结构设计采用SBC 301-306。
- 无障碍设计采用沙特通用无障碍规范 + SBC 801第11章。
- 确认概念/方案设计(SD)/初步设计(DD)/施工/竣工各阶段的民防部门预审批流程。
- 若位于RCRC / RCU / NEOM管辖区域,需确认其专属设计指南。
- 条款引用示例:"SBC 201-CR 2018 第504章"、"SBC 801-CR 2018 第1006.2节"、"SBC 601-CR 2018 表C402.1.4"、"沙特通用无障碍规范2010 第4.3.1节"。
12. Authoritative Sources
12. 权威来源
- Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC) -- sbc.gov.sa -- all SBC codes
- Ministry of Municipal, Rural Affairs and Housing (MoMRAH) -- momrah.gov.sa
- General Directorate of Civil Defence -- 998.gov.sa
- Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org (SASO) -- saso.gov.sa
- Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC) -- seec.gov.sa
- Mostadamah Green Building Program -- via MoMRAH
- Amanat al-Riyadh / Royal Commission for Riyadh City (RCRC) -- rcrc.gov.sa
- Amanat Jeddah -- jeddah.gov.sa
- Amanat al-Asimah al-Muqaddasah (Mecca) -- holymakkah.gov.sa
- Amanat al-Madinah al-Munawwarah -- amana-md.gov.sa
- Eastern Province Amana -- eamana.gov.sa
- Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU) -- rcu.gov.sa
- NEOM -- neom.com (developer regulatory portal)
- Authority of People with Disabilities -- apd.gov.sa
- MISA (Ministry of Investment) -- misa.gov.sa
Cross-references: load for IBC fundamentals (SBC 201 is IBC-derived); for general egress overlaid by SBC 801; for hot-arid + coastal-humid detailing; for Mostadamah / LEED comparison; for ANSI A117.1 / Saudi UAC; for ACI 318 + AISC content used by SBC 302/306.
building-codesfire-life-safetybuilding-envelopebuilding-sustainabilityaccessibility-designstructural-systems- 沙特建筑规范国家委员会(SBCNC)——sbc.gov.sa——所有SBC规范
- 市政、农村事务与住房部(MoMRAH)——momrah.gov.sa
- 民防总局——998.gov.sa
- 沙特标准、计量与质量组织(SASO)——saso.gov.sa
- 沙特能效中心(SEEC)——seec.gov.sa
- Mostadamah绿色建筑计划——通过MoMRAH获取
- 利雅得市政 / 利雅得城市皇家委员会(RCRC)——rcrc.gov.sa
- 吉达市政——jeddah.gov.sa
- 圣城首都市政(麦加)——holymakkah.gov.sa
- 麦地那先知城市政——amana-md.gov.sa
- 东部省Amana——eamana.gov.sa
- 欧拉皇家委员会(RCU)——rcu.gov.sa
- NEOM——neom.com(开发商监管门户)
- 残疾人事务局——apd.gov.sa
- MISA(投资部)——misa.gov.sa
交叉参考:加载技能可获取IBC基础内容(SBC 201衍生自IBC);加载技能可获取SBC 801覆盖的通用疏散内容;加载技能可获取炎热干旱+沿海湿润地区的围护结构设计细节;加载技能可获取Mostadamah / LEED对比内容;加载技能可获取ANSI A117.1 / 沙特UAC相关内容;加载技能可获取SBC 302/306采用的ACI 318 + AISC相关内容。
building-codesfire-life-safetybuilding-envelopebuilding-sustainabilityaccessibility-designstructural-systems