python-pytest-ops

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Python pytest Patterns

Python pytest 测试模式

Modern pytest patterns for effective testing.

用于高效测试的现代pytest模式。

Basic Test Structure

基础测试结构

python

import pytest

def test_basic():
    """Simple assertion test."""
    assert 1 + 1 == 2

def test_with_description():
    """Descriptive name and docstring."""
    result = calculate_total([1, 2, 3])
    assert result == 6, "Sum should equal 6"

python

import pytest

def test_basic():
    """Simple assertion test."""
    assert 1 + 1 == 2

def test_with_description():
    """Descriptive name and docstring."""
    result = calculate_total([1, 2, 3])
    assert result == 6, "Sum should equal 6"

Fixtures

Fixture

python

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_user():
    """Create test user."""
    return {"id": 1, "name": "Test User"}

@pytest.fixture
def db_connection():
    """Fixture with setup and teardown."""
    conn = create_connection()
    yield conn
    conn.close()

def test_user(sample_user):
    """Fixtures injected by name."""
    assert sample_user["name"] == "Test User"

python

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_user():
    """Create test user."""
    return {"id": 1, "name": "Test User"}

@pytest.fixture
def db_connection():
    """Fixture with setup and teardown."""
    conn = create_connection()
    yield conn
    conn.close()

def test_user(sample_user):
    """Fixtures injected by name."""
    assert sample_user["name"] == "Test User"

Fixture Scopes

Fixture 作用域

python

@pytest.fixture(scope="function")  # Default - per test
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")     # Per test class
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")    # Per test file
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")   # Entire test run

python

@pytest.fixture(scope="function")  # Default - per test
@pytest.fixture(scope="class")     # Per test class
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")    # Per test file
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")   # Entire test run

Parametrize

参数化测试

python

@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
    (1, 2),
    (2, 4),
    (3, 6),
])
def test_double(input, expected):
    assert double(input) == expected

python

@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
    (1, 2),
    (2, 4),
    (3, 6),
])
def test_double(input, expected):
    assert double(input) == expected

Multiple parameters

@pytest.mark.parametrize("x", [1, 2]) @pytest.mark.parametrize("y", [10, 20]) def test_multiply(x, y): # 4 test combinations assert x * y > 0

undefined

@pytest.mark.parametrize("x", [1, 2]) @pytest.mark.parametrize("y", [10, 20]) def test_multiply(x, y): # 4 test combinations assert x * y > 0

undefined

Exception Testing

异常测试

python

def test_raises():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
        raise ValueError("Invalid input")
    assert "Invalid" in str(exc_info.value)

def test_raises_match():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r".*[Ii]nvalid.*"):
        raise ValueError("Invalid input")

python

def test_raises():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
        raise ValueError("Invalid input")
    assert "Invalid" in str(exc_info.value)

def test_raises_match():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r".*[Ii]nvalid.*"):
        raise ValueError("Invalid input")

Markers

标记器

python

@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Not implemented yet")
def test_future_feature():
    pass

@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Unix only")
def test_unix_feature():
    pass

@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Known bug")
def test_buggy():
    assert broken_function() == expected

@pytest.mark.slow
def test_performance():
    """Custom marker - register in pytest.ini."""
    pass

python

@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Not implemented yet")
def test_future_feature():
    pass

@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Unix only")
def test_unix_feature():
    pass

@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Known bug")
def test_buggy():
    assert broken_function() == expected

@pytest.mark.slow
def test_performance():
    """Custom marker - register in pytest.ini."""
    pass

Mocking

模拟测试

python

from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock

def test_with_mock():
    mock_api = Mock()
    mock_api.get.return_value = {"status": "ok"}
    result = mock_api.get("/endpoint")
    assert result["status"] == "ok"

@patch("module.external_api")
def test_with_patch(mock_api):
    mock_api.return_value = {"data": []}
    result = function_using_api()
    mock_api.assert_called_once()

python

from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock

def test_with_mock():
    mock_api = Mock()
    mock_api.get.return_value = {"status": "ok"}
    result = mock_api.get("/endpoint")
    assert result["status"] == "ok"

@patch("module.external_api")
def test_with_patch(mock_api):
    mock_api.return_value = {"data": []}
    result = function_using_api()
    mock_api.assert_called_once()

pytest-mock (Recommended)

pytest-mock（推荐用法）

python

def test_with_mocker(mocker):
    mock_api = mocker.patch("module.api_call")
    mock_api.return_value = {"success": True}
    result = process_data()
    assert result["success"]

python

def test_with_mocker(mocker):
    mock_api = mocker.patch("module.api_call")
    mock_api.return_value = {"success": True}
    result = process_data()
    assert result["success"]

conftest.py

conftest.py 配置

python

undefined

python

undefined

tests/conftest.py - Shared fixtures

import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope="session") def app(): """Application fixture available to all tests.""" return create_app(testing=True)

@pytest.fixture def client(app): """Test client fixture.""" return app.test_client()

undefined

import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope="session") def app(): """Application fixture available to all tests.""" return create_app(testing=True)

@pytest.fixture def client(app): """Test client fixture.""" return app.test_client()

undefined

Quick Reference

快速参考

Command	Description
`pytest`	Run all tests
`pytest -v`	Verbose output
`pytest -x`	Stop on first failure
`pytest -k "test_name"`	Run matching tests
`pytest -m slow`	Run marked tests
`pytest --lf`	Rerun last failed
`pytest --cov=src`	Coverage report
`pytest -n auto`	Parallel (pytest-xdist)

命令	描述
`pytest`	运行所有测试
`pytest -v`	详细输出
`pytest -x`	首次失败后停止
`pytest -k "test_name"`	运行匹配名称的测试
`pytest -m slow`	运行标记为slow的测试
`pytest --lf`	重新运行上次失败的测试
`pytest --cov=src`	生成覆盖率报告
`pytest -n auto`	并行运行测试（需pytest-xdist）

Additional Resources

额外资源

```
./references/fixtures-advanced.md
```
- Factory fixtures, autouse, conftest patterns
```
./references/mocking-patterns.md
```
- Mock, patch, MagicMock, side_effect
```
./references/async-testing.md
```
- pytest-asyncio patterns
```
./references/coverage-strategies.md
```
- pytest-cov, branch coverage, reports
```
./references/integration-testing.md
```
- Database fixtures, API testing, testcontainers
```
./references/property-testing.md
```
- Hypothesis framework, strategies, shrinking
```
./references/test-architecture.md
```
- Test pyramid, organization, isolation strategies

```
./references/fixtures-advanced.md
```
- 工厂Fixture、自动使用、conftest模式
```
./references/mocking-patterns.md
```
- Mock、patch、MagicMock、side_effect
```
./references/async-testing.md
```
- pytest-asyncio 模式
```
./references/coverage-strategies.md
```
- pytest-cov、分支覆盖率、报告
```
./references/integration-testing.md
```
- 数据库Fixture、API测试、testcontainers
```
./references/property-testing.md
```
- Hypothesis框架、策略、简化
```
./references/test-architecture.md
```
- 测试金字塔、组织、隔离策略

Scripts

脚本

```
./scripts/run-tests.sh
```
- Run tests with recommended options
```
./scripts/generate-conftest.sh
```
- Generate conftest.py boilerplate

```
./scripts/run-tests.sh
```
- 使用推荐选项运行测试
```
./scripts/generate-conftest.sh
```
- 生成conftest.py 模板代码

Assets

资源文件

```
./assets/pytest.ini.template
```
- Recommended pytest configuration
```
./assets/conftest.py.template
```
- Common fixture patterns

```
./assets/pytest.ini.template
```
- 推荐的pytest配置
```
./assets/conftest.py.template
```
- 常见Fixture模式

另请参阅

Related Skills:

```
python-typing-ops
```
- Type-safe test code
```
python-async-ops
```
- Async test patterns (pytest-asyncio)

Testing specific frameworks:

```
python-fastapi-ops
```
- TestClient, API testing
```
python-database-ops
```
- Database fixtures, transactions

相关技能：

```
python-typing-ops
```
- 类型安全的测试代码
```
python-async-ops
```
- 异步测试模式（pytest-asyncio）

特定框架测试：

```
python-fastapi-ops
```
- TestClient、API测试
```
python-database-ops
```
- 数据库Fixture、事务

python-pytest-ops

Original

Translation

Python pytest Patterns

Python pytest 测试模式

Basic Test Structure

基础测试结构

Fixtures

Fixture

Fixture Scopes

Fixture 作用域

Parametrize

参数化测试

Multiple parameters

Multiple parameters

Exception Testing

异常测试

Markers

标记器

Mocking

模拟测试

pytest-mock (Recommended)

pytest-mock（推荐用法）

conftest.py

conftest.py 配置

tests/conftest.py - Shared fixtures

tests/conftest.py - Shared fixtures

Quick Reference

快速参考

Additional Resources

额外资源

Scripts

脚本

Assets

资源文件

See Also

另请参阅